Serotonin Transporter Gene le khatello ea maikutlo

Litaba

• Ho sithabela maikutlo ho baloa
• Haeba khatello ea maikutlo e ne e le tšoaetso

Hobaneng ha batho ba bang ba ba le khatello e kholo ea maikutlo mme ba bang ba se joalo ke ts'ebetso e rarahaneng ebile e sa utloisisoe hantle. Ho builoe ka lintlha tse 'maloa tse tlatsetsang ho tepelleng maikutlo, hara tsona:

Phapang ea liphatsa tsa lefutso: Batho ba nkileng kopi e le 'ngoe kapa tse peli tsa kotsi e ikhethileng "e le' ngoe" kapa ho feta "ba na le kotsi e kholo ea ho ba le khatello ea maikutlo.

Litšusumetso tsa tikoloho: Liketsahalo tse mpe tsa bophelo tse joalo ka ts'itiso, bohlasoa kapa tlhekefetso li eketsa menyetla ea ho ba le khatello ea maikutlo.

Likamano tsa Gene-by-tikoloho: Liketsahalo tse mpe tsa bophelo li baka khatello ea maikutlo ho batho ba nang le lipehelo tse itseng tsa lefutso tse ba etsang hore ba be kotsing ea ho ba le khatello ea maikutlo.

Liphatsa tsa lefutso tse atisang ho amahanngoa le khatello ea maikutlo ke lefutso la serotonin transporter SLC6A4 (Bleys et al., 2018). Serotonin ke methapo ea kutlo e amang lits'ebetso tse ngata tsa 'mele le ts'ebetso ea kelello, har'a tsona maikutlo le maikutlo, ke ka hona e amanang le mathata a maikutlo a joalo ka khatello ea maikutlo. Ho joalo, maemo a tlase a serotonin a amahanngoa le maikutlo a tepelletseng maikutlo (Jenkins et al., 2016), mme serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) e khethiloeng ke tsona tse laetsoeng ho thibela khatello ea maikutlo. SSRIs e thibela ho ts'oaroa hape ha serotonin nakong ea puisano ea lisele bokong, ho etsa hore serotonin e fumanehe haholoanyane, ka hona ka mohopolo e thusa ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo.

Ho latela maemo ana, mohopolo oa hore liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa serotonin o ka ama kotsi ea khatello ea maikutlo kapa ho tiea ka intuitively e utloahala. Ka ho khetheha, bo-rasaense ba bangata ba ne ba tsepamisitse maikutlo ho seo ho thoeng ke 5-HTTLPR polymorphism tikolohong ea ba khothalletsang lefutso la lipalangoang tsa serotonin ho etsa lipatlisiso ka litlamorao tsa lefutso lena la khatello ea maikutlo. Genetic polymorphism e bolela hore sebakeng se itseng sa genome, batho ba fapaneng ba kanna ba ba le phapang e nyane ho DNA ea bona e ka amang hantle hore na protheine e hlahisoang ke lefutso e ka etsa mosebetsi oa eona joang. Tabeng ea polymorphism ea 5-HTTLPR, ho na le li-allele tse khuts'oane le allele e telele (l). E se e le morao lilemong tsa bo-1990, bafuputsi ba bontšitse hore batho ba nang le li-alleles tse peli kapa e le 'ngoe ba na le monyetla o moholo oa ho ba le khatello ea maikutlo ho feta ba nang le li-alleles tse peli tse telele, joalo ka ha sekhahla se khuts'oane se lebisa ho fokotsoeng ha polelo ea serotonin transporter (Collier et al., 1996) .

Phuputso ena ea pele e ile ea tsosa thahasello ho polymorphism ea 5-HTTLPR, empa ha se mesebetsi eohle e matla e ka fumanang mokhatlo o hlakileng. Ka 2003, ho fumanoe ntho e makatsang ho rarolla qabang ena. Phuputsong e qotsitsoeng ka bongata, Caspi le basebetsi-'moho ba ile ba khona ho bonts'a hore litlamorao tsa mofuta oa 5-HTTLPR polymorphism genotype ho khatello ea maikutlo li lekantsoe ke se bitsoang tšebelisano ea liphatsa tsa lefutso le tikoloho (Caspi et al., 2003). Sena se bolela hore genotype e tla ba le phello ha feela batho ka bomong ba ka beoa tlasa maemo a ikhethileng a tikoloho. Haholo-holo, bo-rasaense ba fumane hore batho ba itšoere ka tsela e fapaneng liketsahalong tse thata haholo tsa bophelo, ho latela mofuta oa 5-HTTLPR. Batho ba nang le bonyane sekhahla se khuts'oane ho polymorphism ea 5-HTTLPR ba hlahisitse matšoao a sithabetsang haeba ba ka ba le ketsahalo e sithabetsang haholo ho feta batho ba nang le li-alleles tse peli tse telele. Leha ho le joalo, ntle le ketsahalo e sithabetsang ea bophelo, genotype e ne e se na tšusumetso ho monyetla oa ho ba le khatello ea maikutlo.

Phuputso ena e ekelitse thahasello ho polymorphism ea 5-HTTLPR le kamano ea eona le khatello ea maikutlo, e lebisang lithutong tse ling ka taba ena. Leha ho le joalo, bothata ba boholo ba lithuto tsena e ne e le hore boholo ba mehlala ea bona bo ne bo le nyane ha bo bapisoa le lithuto tsa lefutso, tse ka lebisang liphellong tse fosahetseng le litlamorao tse fetang.

Hoo e ka bang lilemo tse leshome tse fetileng, Risch le basebetsi-'moho (Risch et al., 2009) ba ile ba etsa se bitsoang meta-analysis, ho kopanya lipalo-palo tsa lithuto tsa boithuto. Ba hlahlobile lithuto tse 14 ho polymorphism ea 5-HTTLPR le kamano ea eona le khatello ea maikutlo le hore na kamano ena e susumelitsoe ke liketsahalo tsa khatello ea bophelo joalo ka ha ho boletsoe ke Caspi et al. (2003). Sephetho sa bona se ne se hlakile: Le ha liketsahalo tse ngata tse sithabetsang bophelong li lebisitse kotsing e kholo ea khatello ea maikutlo, ho ne ho se na tšusumetso ea genotype ea 5-HTTLPR ho khatello ea maikutlo ebile ha ho na tšebelisano ea liphatsa tsa lefutso pakeng tsa genotype le liketsahalo tse sithabetsang tsa bophelo.

Leha ho fumanoe sena, lithuto tse makholo ho polymorphism ea 5-HTTLPR le khatello ea maikutlo li phatlalalitsoe ho tloha ka 2009 (enjine ea lipatlisiso ea mahlale ea PubMed e thathamisa makhetlo a fetang 800 bakeng sa polelo ea "5-HTTLPR depress" ho tloha ka Mots'eanong oa 2019). Phuputso e ncha e sa tsoa phatlalatsoa ke Richard Border le basebetsi-'moho ho The American Journal of Psychiatry (Border et al., 2019) e ikemiselitse ho rarolla khang ea hore na genotype ea 5-HTTLPR e ama khatello ea maikutlo kapa hore na ho na le lefutso-ka-tikoloho. tšebelisano lipakeng tsa mofuta ona oa genotype le liketsahalo tse sithabetsang tsa bophelo hang. Ho qoba mathata a lipalo-palo a lithuto tse fetileng, ba fumane lintlha ho tsoa lipolokelong tsa lefutso tse ngata tse fumanehang ho bafuputsi, tse lebisang ho sampole ea batho ba likete tse makholo a 'maloa. Liphetho tsa tlhahlobo li ne li hlakile hape: Ho ne ho se na bopaki ba lipalo bakeng sa kamano lipakeng tsa polymorphism ea 5-HTTLPR le khatello ea maikutlo, hape ho ne ho se na bopaki ba hore liketsahalo tse bohloko tsa bophelo kapa maemo a mabe a moruo a ka bonts'a tšebelisano ea liphatsa tsa lefutso le tikoloho. ka mofuta ona.

Sena, ehlile, ha se bolele hore ha ho na kamano lipakeng tsa serotonin le khatello ea maikutlo (ho hlakile hore ho joalo, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ke katleho ea kalafo ea li-SSRI), empa e fana ka ts'ehetso e tsoelang pele temohong e hlahang ea lefutso la mafu a kelello. ts'ebetso e rarahaneng e kanna ea susumetsoa ke palo e kholo ea litlamorao tsa lefutso le eseng lefutso. Kahoo, ho ke ke ha etsahala hore phapang e le 'ngoe ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e kang polymorphism ea 5-HTTLPR e na le tšusumetso e kholo ho hore na motho o ba le khatello ea maikutlo kapa mofuta o fe kapa o fe oa bokuli ba kelello. Lithuto tsa nako e tlang tsa lefutso la mafu a kelello li tla hloka ho ela hloko ho rarahana hona ka ho sekaseka phapang ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ho genome eohle le epigenome le ho e amana le bokuli ba kelello (Meier & Deckert, 2019).

Ho sithabela maikutlo ho baloa

Haeba khatello ea maikutlo e ne e le tšoaetso