Lebaka Leo U Utloang Boikutlo Haholo ho Feta Batho ba Bangata

Na u ikutloa u nahanela bohloko ho feta batho ba bangata? Hore u arabele litsing tse bohloko ka botebo le ka matla ho feta ba bang ba bangata? Ha ho makatse hore ebe motheo oa ketsahalo ena ea kutlo e thehiloe ho DNA ea hau. Empa eseng ka tsela eo u nahanang ka eona. E lumela kapa che, lebaka la kutloisiso ena e matla ea bohloko le bakoa ke taba ea hore liperesente tse nyane tsa batho ba sejoale-joale ba na le mofuta o ikhethileng oa liphatsa tsa lefutso o qalileng ho Neanderthals.

Ho joalo, Ma-Neanderthal. Ha e le hantle, e se e le nako e telele e tsebahala hore batho ba nyalane le Ma-Neanderthal pele re ka felisa bo-motsoala ba rona ba mosa le ba bonolo ba timelo ka lebaka la bohale le tlholisano ea Homo sapiens. Leha ho le joalo, Homo neanderthalensis e ntse e le teng ho "genome" ea motho. Ho latela tlaleho ea haufinyane e phatlalalitsoeng koranteng Saense , hoo e ka bang 2.6% ea DNA ho batho ba phelang e ne e futsitsoe ho Neanderthals (Science, November, 2017).

Ho feta moo, phuputso e sa tsoa etsoa ho Biology ea Hajoale (Loetse, 2020) e fana ka maikutlo a hore 0.4% ea baahi e na le phapang ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ea Neanderthal e eketsang khatello ea methapo ea maikutlo le moloko litseleng tsa mahlaba a bohloko, ka hona e lebisa tlhokomelong ea bohloko ba bohloko le ho utloa bohloko bo boholo sehlopheng sena se senyenyane sa sechaba. Ka mantsoe a hlakileng, sena se bolela hore limilione tse 31.2 tsa batho ba hona joale ba limilione tse likete tse 7.8 - a le mong ho ba 250 - ba utloa bohloko bo boholo ho feta bongata bo boholo ba batho. Ka 'nete, batho ba bang ba khona ho utloa le ho utloa litekanyo le mekhahlelo ea bohloko joalo ka sommelier ba ka lemoha ho rarahana, likarolo, le likarolo ka bomong veineng e monate.

Ho fumana kutloisiso e kholo ea patlisiso ena, ho bohlokoa ho tseba hanyane ka kutloisiso ea bohloko, le hore na methapo ea kutlo e sebetsa joang le ho arabela litšusumetso tse kotsi. Taba ea mantlha ke hore, poleloana ea mahlale a kutloisiso ea bohloko ke nociception. Ena ke boiphihlelo ba tlhokomeliso ea ts'usumetso e bohloko kapa e kotsi. Ho feta moo, ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea litšitiso tse bakang bohloko: mocheso (mocheso le mohatsela), metjhini (khatello le pinching), le lik'hemik'hale (chefo le chefo).

Ho feta moo, ho na le methapo ea methapo e hlophisitsoeng ka ho khetheha e kopaneng e bitsoang li-nociceptors tse fumanang le ho arabela linthong tsena tse ka bang kotsi ka ho romella lipontšo tsa motlakase ka likhoele tsa methapo bokong ka mokokotlo. Likhoele tsena tsa methapo li entsoe ka lisele tse ikhethang tse ntlafalitseng bokhoni ba ho amohela, ho lemoha, ho kopanya, ho kopanya le ho arabela linthong tse fapaneng ka ho romella lipontšo tsa bona lipakaneng tse ikhethileng 'meleng oohle. Sena se bitsoa ho thunya ha methapo kapa ho jala lets'oao la eona ho lisele tse ling tsa methapo kapa lisele tse joalo ka mesifa, litšoelesa, sisteme ea methapo le litho.

Boemong ba limolek'hule, sena se ka khonahala hobane, ha se sebelisoa, lisele tsa methapo ea kutlo (kapa methapo ea kutlo ha li bua ka boko le lesapo la mokokotlo) li khona ho chencha li-ion tse nang le motlakase ka har'a lisele tsa tsona ka metjha ea limolek'hule e bitsoang ionophores (ka ho toba "carrier ion"). Ha lera la methapo le senya kapele li-ion tsa sodium (ke hore, sodium e hlatsoa sele) le potasiamo ea eona e kenelletseng (ke hore, potasiamo e ts'oaretsoeng ka har'a sele) e fella ka leqhubu la motlakase le phatlalatsoang haufi le likhakanyo tsa methapo (eo hangata e bitsoang li-axon) joalo ka motlakase o tsamaeang ka terata. Ha tšusumetso ena ea methapo e fihla lipheo tsa eona, e baka liketsahalo tse qetellang li lebisa karabong le / kapa kutloisisong.

Mabapi le lipatlisiso tse boletsoeng kaholimo, ho bonahala eka batho ba nang le lefutso la Neanderthal ba na le li-nociceptors ka li-ionophores tsa bona tse ikemiselitseng ho bula naha. Kahoo, lintho tse nyane haholo li ka baka matšoao a methapo ho batho ba futsitseng lefutso le amanang le batho ba se nang lona. Ha e le hantle, sena se bolela hore batho ba nang le liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa Neanderthal ba ikemiselitse ho utloa bohloko. Ho khahlisang ke hore ho bonts'itsoe hape hore bohloko ba maikutlo kapa ba kelello bo rarollotsoe ke libaka tse tšoanang tsa boko tse laolang ho nociception ea 'mele. Le ha ho se na data (leha ho le joalo) e hokahanyang liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa Neanderthal nociceptive le khatello e matla ea maikutlo, ho ka etsahala hore lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang li senole khokahano.

Hopola: Nahana hantle, Etsa lintho hantle, U ikutloe hantle, U fole!

Copyright 2020 Clifford N. Lazarus, Ph.D. Poso ena e etselitsoe tlhaiso-leseling feela. Ha e reretsoe ho nka sebaka sa thuso ho tsoa ho setsebi sa bophelo bo botle se tšoanelehang. Lipapatso tse posong ena ha li hlile ha li bontše maikutlo a ka ebile ha li lumellane le 'na.