Mokhoa oa ho qapa Cell Cell o na le Patlisiso e tsoetseng pele ea Neuroscience

E 'ngoe ea mabaka a ho ithuta bokong ba motho ke ho ba le bokhoni ba ho etsa lipatlisiso ka lisele tsa boko ba motho tse sebetsang hantle. Ka lebaka leo, lithuto tse ngata tsa mahlale li etsoa ka litoeba e le moemeli oa mammalian. Bothata ba mokhoa ona ke hore litoeba tsa litoeba li fapane ka sebopeho le ts'ebetso. Ho latela Johns Hopkins, ka sebopeho, boko ba motho ke liperesente tse ka bang 30 tsa li-neurone le liperesente tsa 70 glia, ha boko ba mouse bo na le karolelano e fapaneng [1]. Bafuputsi ba MIT ba fumane hore li-dendrites tsa methapo ea kutlo ea motho li na le matšoao a motlakase ka tsela e fapaneng le ea li-rodent neurons [2]. Mokhoa o mong o mocha ke ho holisa lisele tsa boko ba motho u sebelisa theknoloji ea stem cell.

Lisele tsa stem ke lisele tse sa ikhethang tse hlahisang lisele tse fapaneng. Ke lintho tse sa tsoa sibolloa tsa lilemong tsa bo-80. Lisele tsa embryonic stem li ile tsa sibolloa ka lekhetlo la pele ka 1981 ke Sir Martin Evans oa Univesithi ea Cardiff, UK, ea ntan'o ba Univesithing ea Cambridge, Moputso oa Nobel oa 2007 litabeng tsa bongaka [3].

Ka 1998, arola lisele tsa "embryonic stem" li holisitsoe ka laborateng ke James Thomson oa Univesithi ea Wisconsin e Madison le John Gearhart oa Univesithi ea Johns Hopkins e Baltimore [4].

Lilemo tse robeli hamorao, Shinya Yamanaka oa Yunivesithi ea Kyoto Japane o ile a fumana mokhoa oa ho fetola lisele tsa letlalo la litoeba hore e be lisele tsa pluripotent tse sebelisang vaerase ho hlahisa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse 'ne [5]. Lisele tsa stem tsa Pluripotent li na le bokhoni ba ho fetoha mefuta e meng ea lisele. Yamanaka, hammoho le John B. Gurdon, ba hapile Khau ea Nobel Physiology kapa Medicine 2012 bakeng sa sibollo ea hore lisele tse holileng tsebong li ka hlophisoa bocha hore li be pluripotent [6]. Khopolo ena e tsejoa e le lisele tse bakoang ke pluripotent stem stem, kapa iPSCs.

Ka 2013, sehlopha sa bo-rasaense ba Europe, se etelletsoeng pele ke Madeline Lancaster le Juergen Knoblich, se ile sa theha mokokotlo oa likarolo tse tharo (3D) cerebral organoid o sebelisa li-cell pluripotent tsa motho tse "holileng hoo e ka bang limilimitara tse 'ne ka boholo mme li ka phela nako e telele joalo ka likhoeli tse 10. . [7]. ” Ena e bile khatelo-pele e kholo kaha mefuta ea neuron ea pele e ne e ntlafalitsoe ho 2D.

Haufinyane tjena, ka Mphalane 2018, sehlopha sa bo-rasaense ba etelletsoeng pele ke Tufts se holisitse mofuta oa 3D oa lisele tsa boko ba motho tse bonts'ang tšebetso ea tlhaho ea methapo bonyane likhoeli tse robong. Phuputso e phatlalalitsoe ka Mphalane 2018 ka ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, koranta ea American Chemical Society [8].

Ho tloha ts'ebetsong ea pele ea lisele tsa bakoang ho litoeba ho isa mefuteng e ntseng e hola ea li-network tsa 3D tsa batho tse tsoang liseleng tsa pluripotent nakong e ka tlase ho lilemo tse 40, lebelo la tsoelo-pele ea mahlale e bile le bohlokoa. Mefuta ena ea lisele tsa boko ba 3D e ka thusa ho ntšetsa pele lipatlisiso tsa ho sibolla kalafo e ncha ea Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, muscular dystrophy, lefu la sethoathoa, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (eo hape e tsejoang e le ALS kapa lefu la Lou Gehrig), le mafu a mang a mangata le mathata a boko. Lisebelisoa tseo neuroscience e li sebelisang ho etsa lipatlisiso li fetoha ka ho rarahana, 'me lisele tsa stem li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho potlakiseng tsoelo-pele molemong oa batho.

Copyright © 2018 Cami Rosso Litokelo tsohle li sirelelitsoe.

2. Rosso, Cami. “Ke Hobane'ng ha Boko ba Motho bo Bonahatsa Bohlale bo Phahameng?” Psychology Kajeno. Mphalane 19, 2018.

3. Univesithi ea Cardiff. “Sir Martin Evans, Khau ea Nobel ea Bongaka.” E khutlisitsoe ka la 23 Mphalane 2018 ho tsoa ho http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/about/honours-and-awards/nobel-laureates/sir-martin-evans

4. Maikutlo a Pelo. "Linako tsa Nako ea Cell." 2015 Mmesa-Jun. E khutlisitsoe ka la 10-23-2018 ho tloha https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4485209/#

5. Scudellari, Megan. "Lisele tsa iPS li fetotse lefatše joang." Tlhaho. La 15 Phuptjane 2016.

6. Moputso oa Nobel (2012-10-08). “Moputso oa Nobel Physiology kapa Medicine 2012 [Tsebiso ea boralitaba]. E khutlisitsoe ka la 23 Mphalane 2018 ho tsoa ho https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2012/press-release/

7. Rojahn, Susan Young. Bo-rasaense ba Hōlisa Lisele tsa Botho ba Batho ba 3-D. ” Tlhahlobo ea MIT Technology. La 28 Phato, 2013.

1. Cantley, William L .; Du, Chuang; Lomoio, Selene; DePalma, Thomas; Peirent, Emily; Kleinknecht, Dominic; Hunter, Martin; Tang-Schomer, Min D.; Tesco, Giuseppina; Kaplan, David L. ” Mekhoa e sebetsang le e tšoarellang ea 3D Human Neural Network Mehlala e tsoang ho Lisele tsa Pluripotent. ”ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, koranta ea American Chemical Society. Mphalane 1, 2018.