Na liphetoho tsa tikoloho li hlalosa ho phahama ha tlhahlobo ea Autism?

Ho phahama ha litlhahlobo tsa autism esale ho tsitsitse ebile ho makatsa. Lilemong tsa bo-1960, hoo e ka bang motho a le mong ho ba 10 000 o ile a fumanoa a e-na le autism. Kajeno, ngoana a le mong ho ba 54 o na le boemo bona, ho latela Setsi sa Taolo le Thibelo ea Maloetse. Ho phahama ha Amerika ho bonts'itsoe linaheng tse lefats'eng ka bophara.

Ke mang ea ikarabellang bakeng sa ts'ebetso ee? Bo-rasaense ba phehile khang e matla ka karolo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, tikoloho le liphetoho mabapi le hore na boemo boo bo fumanoa joang.Boitekong ba haufinyane ba ho thibela likhoele tsena, bafuputsi ba ile ba etsa qeto ea hore botsitso ba litšusumetso tsa lefutso le tikoloho bo ama liphetoho litloaelong tsa tlhahlobo le tlhokomeliso e eketsehileng e le matla a phetoho.

"Karolo ea autism eo e leng liphatsa tsa lefutso le tikoloho e ea fetoha ha nako e ntse e tsamaea," ho bolela Mark Taylor, mofuputsi ea phahameng Karolinska Institutet naheng ea Sweden ebile e le mongoli ea ka sehloohong oa phuputso. "Le ha ho ata ha autism ho eketsehile haholo, thuto ena ha e fane ka bopaki ba hore ho bile le phetoho tikolohong."

Taylor le basebetsi-'moho le eena ba ile ba hlahloba lintlha tse peli tsa mafahla: Sweden Twin Registry, e neng e lekola tlhahlobo ea lefu la autism ho tloha ka 1982 ho isa ho 2008, le Twin Study ea Child le Adolescent e Sweden, e neng e lekanya litekanyetso tsa batsoali tsa litšobotsi tsa autistic ho tloha ka 1992 ho isa ho 2008. Lintlha tsena li ne li akaretsa mafahla a ka bang 38,000.

Bafuputsi ba ile ba lekola phapang lipakeng tsa mafahla a ts'oanang (a arolelanang liperesente tsa 100 tsa DNA ea bona) le mafahla a bana (a arolelanang liperesente tsa 50 tsa DNA ea bona) ho utloisisa hore na metso ea lefutso le tikoloho ea autism e fetohile joang ha nako e ntse e tsamaea. 'Me liphatsa tsa lefutso li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho autism - likhakanyo tse ling li beha boiphihlelo liperesente tsa 80.

Joalokaha bo-rasaense ba tlalehile koranteng JAMA Phekolo ea kelello, Menehelo ea lefutso le tikoloho ha ea fetoha haholo ha nako e ntse e tsamaea. Bafuputsi ba ntse ba etsa lipatlisiso tsa mabaka a tikoloho a ka amehang ho autism, joalo ka ts'oaetso ea bakhachane nakong ea bokhachane, lefu la tsoekere le khatello e phahameng ea mali. Phuputso ea hajoale ha e fane ka lintlha tse ikhethileng empa e bonts'a hore ha ba ikarabelle bakeng sa ho eketseha ha litlhahlobo.

Liphuputso li pheta lithuto tsa pejana tse fihletseng qeto e tšoanang ka mekhoa e fapaneng. Ka mohlala, thuto e le 'ngoe ea 2011 e ile ea hlahloba batho ba baholo ba nang le lipatlisiso tse lekantsoeng mme ba etsa qeto ea hore ha ho na phapang e kholo ho ata ha autism lipakeng tsa bana le batho ba baholo.

Lilemo tsa bo-ntate hangata ho buuoa ka tsona e le kotsi ea autism. Lilemo tsa ntate li eketsa menyetla ea liphetoho tse itlelang feela, tse bitsoang de novo kapa germline, tse ka tlatsetsang ho autism. Mme lilemo tseo banna ba bang bo-ntate e leng tsona li eketsehile ha nako e ntse e tsamaea: Ka mohlala, naheng ea Amerika, lilemo tsa bo-ntate li nyolohile ho tloha ho 27.4 ho isa ho 30.9 lipakeng tsa 1972 le 2015. Empa liphetoho tse itlhahelang feela li ikarabella bakeng sa sekhahla se nyane sa keketseho ea sekhahla sa tšoaetso ea autism, oa hlalosa. John Constantino, moprofesa oa mafu a kelello le lefapha la bana le motsamaisi-'moho oa Setsi sa Patlisiso sa Bokooa ba Maikutlo le Ntšetso-pele ho Washington University School of Medicine e Saint Louis.

“Hona joale re fumana lefu la autism makhetlo a 10 ho isa ho a 50 ho feta kamoo re neng re le kateng lilemong tse 25 tse fetileng. Tsoelo-pele lilemong tsa bo-ntate e ikarabella bakeng sa liperesente tse ka bang 1 tsa phello eo eohle, "ho bolela Constantino. Tšusumetso ea lilemo tsa botsoali holima bokooa ba kholo e lokela ho nkuoa ka botebo, kaha phetoho e nyane e ntse e na le moelelo maemong a baahi ba lefats'e, oa hlokomela. Ha e ikarabelle bakeng sa moetlo ka kakaretso.

Haeba liphatsa tsa lefutso le tikoloho li lutse li tsitsitse ha nako e ntse e tsamaea, liphetoho tsa setso le tlhahlobo li tlameha ho ikarabella bakeng sa sekhahla se atileng, Taylor o re. Malapa ka bobeli le lingaka kajeno ba kanna ba tseba haholoanyane ka autism le matšoao a eona ho feta lilemong tse mashome a fetileng, e leng se etsang hore ho be bonolo ho fumana lefu lena.

Liphetoho mekhoeng ea ho hlahloba le tsona li na le seabo. Lingaka li hlahloba maemo a bophelo bo botle ba kelello ho ipapisitsoe le litekanyetso tse hlalositsoeng ho Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Phetolelo ea pele ho 2013, DSM-IV, e ne e na le mekhahlelo e meraro: lefu la autistic, lefu la Asperger, le lefu le atileng la kholo le sa hlalosoang ka tsela e ngoe. Iteration ea hajoale, DSM-5, e nkela mekhahlelo eo sebaka ka tlhahlobo e le 'ngoe e akaretsang: lefu la autism spectrum.

Ho theha letšoao le akaretsang maemo a neng a senyehile pele ho hloka puo e pharalletseng, ho hlalosa Laurent Mottron, moprofesa oa thuto ea mafu a kelello Univesithing ea Montreal. Liphetoho tse joalo ho litekanyetso li kanna tsa baka hore batho ba eketsehileng ba fumane tlhahlobo ea autism.

Phetoho ena e beha autism haufi le tsela eo mahlale le bongaka ba bonang maemo a mang a mangata, ho bolela Constantino. "Haeba u lekola sechaba kaofela ka litšobotsi tsa autism, li oela holim'a mothinya oa tšepe, joalo ka bophahamo kapa boima kapa khatello ea mali," ho bolela Constantino. Tlhaloso ea hajoale ea autism ha e sa bolokeloa maemo a feteletseng haholo; e amohela le ba poteletseng.