Hobaneng ha re arola mafu a kelello le Neurology?

Litaba

• Psychiatry Bohlokoa bo Bala
• Ho kopanya tlhokomelo ea mafu a kelello mekhoeng ea tlhokomelo ea mantlha

Ha tsoelo-pele ho neurobiology le liphatsa tsa lefutso li senola likamano tse rarahaneng lipakeng tsa sebopeho sa boko, ts'ebetso, le matšoao a bokuli ba kelello, ho bile le mehala e nchafalitsoeng ea ho beha bocha mafu a kelello joalo ka lefu la tsamaiso ea methapo. Sena se totobatsoa lipolelong tsa phatlalatsa ke batho ba hlahelletseng lithutong tsa mafu a kelello tsa Amerika, joalo ka polelo ea Thomas Insel ea hore bokuli ba kelello ke lefu la boko le tlhahiso ea Eric Kandel ea ho kopanya kelello le methapo ea kutlo.

Kamano lipakeng tsa mafu a kelello le neurology esale e le ntho e khahlisang le e ratang likhang, 'me liphehisano tsena tse mabapi le kamano lipakeng tsa lefu la kelello le methapo ha se ntho e ncha. Hoo e ka bang lilemo tse makholo a mabeli tse fetileng, ngaka e tummeng ea methapo ea mafu le mafu a kelello Wilhelm Griesinger (1845) o ile a tsitlella hore "mafu ohle a kelello ke mafu a bokong," khang e hlakisoang lipolelong tsa morao tjena tse kang tsa Insel le Kandel.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, setsebi sa mafu a kelello le rafilosofi Karl Jaspers (1913), ha a ngola lilemo tse ka bang lekholo kamora Greisinger, o phehile khang ea hore "ha ho so be le phethahatso ea tšepo ea hore tlhahlobo ea bongaka ea liketsahalo tsa boloi, ea nalane ea bophelo le sephetho e ka hlahisa tšobotsi. lihlopha tse neng li tla netefatsoa hamorao liphuputsong tsa boko "(leq. 568).

Pampiri ea morao-rao e phatlalalitsoeng ho Leqephe la Neuropsychiatry le Clinical Neurosciences e qala, "Le ha litho tse ngata li na le boiphihlelo bo le bong ba bongaka bo ikemiselitseng, nalane e arotsoe ka likarolo tse peli, neurology le psychiatry" (Perez, Keshavan, Scharf, Boes, & Price, 2018, leq. 271) ikhethang e sebetsanang le mafu a boko.

Ke pheha khang ea hore litlhahiso tsena tsa ho hlopha bocha bokuli ba kelello e le lefu la methapo li ipapisitse le phoso ea sehlopha sa mantlha le hore phapang lipakeng tsa mafu a kelello le methapo ea kutlo ha se ea boikhethelo.

Sena ha se bolele ho hana 'mele, ke hore, kelello e teng ka lebaka la boko, 'me ke fana ka maikutlo a hore ka nako e le ngoe ho ka amohela hore kelello ke ts'ebetso ea boko le hore mathata a kelello ha a fokotsoe ke mathata a boko. Ho etsa sena, a re qaleng ka ho hlahloba phapang lipakeng tsa bokuli ba kelello le methapo ebe re lekola taba ea hore mathata a kelello a ka fokotsoa ho ba mafu a boko.

Maloetse a methapo ea kutlo ke, ka ho hlalosoa, mafu a methapo ea methapo e bohareng, 'me ka kakaretso a ka tsejoa ho ipapisitsoe le liteko tsa bongaka tse ikemiselitseng, joalo ka electroencephalography ea lefu la sethoathoa le setšoantšo sa matla a khoheli bakeng sa hlahala ea boko.Maloetse a mangata a methapo a ka ba joalo sebakeng sa heno, moelelo o fumanoang o le teng joalo ka leqeba sebakeng se itseng sa boko kapa tsamaiso ea methapo. Le ha mafu a mang a methapo a ka baka matšoao a kelello, joalo ka liphetoho maikutlong kapa kutloisisong, bokuli ba methapo ea kutlo ha bo amane haholo le mathata ana a kelello, mme a teng kamora 'ona ho litlamorao tse bohloko tsa lefu tsamaisong ea methapo.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, bokuli ba kelello kapa ba kelello bo tšoauoa ka pherekano e kholo ea bongaka menahanong ea motho, maikutlong kapa boitšoarong. The Buka ea Tlhatlhobo le Lipalopalo tsa Mathata a Kelello ha e nke lehlakore ka lebaka la mathata a kelello, mme, leha ho na le lipolelo tse khahlanong le lingaka tsa mafu a kelello, lingaka tsa mafu a kelello tse hlophisitsoeng tsa Amerika ha li so ka li hlalosa semolao lefu la kelello e le "ho se leka-lekane ha lik'hemik'hale" kapa lefu la boko (bona Pies, 2019).

Ha tsoelo-pele e ngata e se e entsoe libakeng tsa neuroscience le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse thusang kutloisiso ea rona ea bokuli ba kelello, ha ho sa le biomarker e le 'ngoe e ka khethollang lefu la kelello. Ho tloha khale, ho ne ho nahanoa ka mathata a kelello maloetse a sebetsang, ka lebaka la ho senyeha hoa ts'ebetso, ho fapana le mafu a sebopeho, tse amanang le tse sa tloaelehang tse phelang. American Psychiatric Association (2013) e hlalosa mathata a kelello ka tsela ena:

Boloetse ba kelello ke lefu le khetholloang ke pherekano e kholo ea bongaka kakanyo ea motho, taolo ea maikutlo, kapa boits'oaro bo bonts'ang ho se sebetse hantle ts'ebetsong ea kelello, bioloji kapa nts'etsopele e sebetsanang le ts'ebetso ea kelello. Mathata a kelello hangata a amahanngoa le khatello ea maikutlo sechabeng, mosebetsing kapa mesebetsing e meng ea bohlokoa (leq. 20).

Psychiatry Bohlokoa bo Bala

Ho kopanya tlhokomelo ea mafu a kelello mekhoeng ea tlhokomelo ea mantlha