'Wellness-Informed': Metheo ea Tloaelo

Litaba

• Lintlha tsa bohlokoa
• Moelelo oa rona oa Baholo-holo
• Moelelo oa rona oa Baholo-holo oa Bana
• Nestedness e Tsoetseng Pele
• Qetello

Lintlha tsa bohlokoa

• Ntlafatso ea bophelo bo botle e lokela ho ba sepheo sa rona, eseng feela ho qoba khatello ea maikutlo.
• Ho utloisisa botle ba motho ho hloka kutloisiso e fapaneng ea boits'oaro ba batho le nts'etsopele.
• Ho ba le tsebo e nepahetseng ka bophelo bo botle ho hloka kutloisiso ea mefuta-e tloaelehileng ea ho holisa bana (sehlaha se iphetotseng).

Tloaelo ea "tsebiso e bohloko" e nka monyetla oa hore bareki kapa baithuti kapa basebetsi ba sithabetse maikutlo, ka hona, ba fetola mekhoa ea setheo hore e hopoloe. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, tloaelo ea "bophelo bo botle" e bolela ho utloisisa se thusang bana le batho ba baholo le lihlopha ho atleha. Setheo se sebelisa tsebo ena mesebetsing ea sona ho ntlafatsa maphelo a batho ka bomong le a sehlopha. Kaha "ho tseba hantle ka bophelo bo botle" ke mohopolo o mocha, re hloka semelo se itseng pele litloaelo tse ikhethang libakeng tse itseng li ka khetholloa le ho tšohloa. Semelo se akaretsang ke sepheo mona.

Ha re nka mekhoa e fapaneng ea ntlafatso ea botho le tlhaho ea motho, re fumana metheo ea litloaelo tse nang le tsebo ea bophelo bo botle. Re ka ithuta eng?

• Sebopeho sa botho se ka ba le khotso ho feta likhopolo-taba tsa nako e fetileng se ipapisitse le ts'ehetso ea sechaba le litekanyetso (Fry, 2006, 2013; Fry et al., 2021).
• Ho fetoha ha maemo ha sehlopha sa sechaba, hore ha re tseleng e tobileng eo re ke keng ra e baleha (ke hore, re ka khutlela ho egalitarianism) (Graeber & Wengrow, 2018, 2021; Power, 2019).
• Ho nka eng ho ts'ehetsa likamano tse hlomphehang, tse tšoarellang le lefats'e.
• Mefuta e tloaelehileng ea ho holisa batho ba nang le ts'ebelisano 'moho e phetse hantle.
• Mofuta o tloaelehileng sechabeng le boits'oaro ke eng.
• Se thusang batho ba baholo ho atleha.

Ketsahalong ena, ke hlahloba metheo ea ho lekola mekhoa ea bophelo bo botle-ke hore, tloaelo e nang le tsebo ea bophelo bo botle. Likarolong tse latelang, ke tla sheba thuto e nang le tsebo ea bophelo bo botle, lelapa le bophelo ba mosebetsi.

Moelelo oa rona oa Baholo-holo

Boithuto bo bongata ba anthropology bo shebile haholo sechabeng se sa tsoetseng indastering, ho fana ka leseli la lilemo tse 200,000 tsa bophelo ba rona re le mofuta, homo sapiens (Lee & Daly, 2005). Mekhatlo e meng ea batho e bile teng ka lilemo tse fetang 150,000, joalo ka San Bushmen (Suzman, 2017), eo mela ea eona ea kokoana-hloko e arolelanoang le batho bohle ba teng (Henn et al., 2011). Joalo ka ma Bushmen, batho ba bangata ba kileng ba phela ba ne ba lula libakeng tsa litsomi. (Hopola hore tsoelo-pele e bile teng feela bakeng sa karolo ea botho lilemong tse likete tse 'maloa tse fetileng.)

Ha re khutlela morao, thuto ea thuto ea kahisano le thuto ea thuto, ka lisebelisoa tsa methapo ea kutlo, li re fa leseli la lilemo tse limilione tsa bophelo ba rona e le karolo ea mohala oa mammali o ntseng o le teng lilemo tse mashome a limilione (mohlala, re ntse re na le litlhoko tsa liphoofolo tse anyesang ) (mohlala, (McDonald, 1998; Suzuki & Hirata, 2012). Re liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa kahisano, mohala o hlahileng lilemong tse 20 ho isa ho tse 40 tse fetileng, o bolokileng litšobotsi tse ngata tsa boko le litlhoko tsa mantlha tsa liphoofolo tse anyesang ka kakaretso (Franklin & Mansuy, 2010; Panksepp, 1998; Spinka, Newberry & Bekoff, 2001.

Litlhoko tsa rona tsa liphoofolo li kenyelletsa phepo le mofuthu empa litlhoko tsa rona tsa mammalian li kenyelletsa ho ama ka lerato, papali, tlamo e kholo le ts'ehetso ea sechaba (Carter & Porges, 2013; Champagne, 2014; Chevrud & Wolf, 2009). Lithuto tsa thuto ea batho li re bontša hore re le batho re hola hamolemo ha re arolelana intersubjectivity ("limbic resonance;" Lewis Amini & Lannon, 2001) le batho ba baholo ba bangata, ba ineloa neng moetlong le lipaleng tsa sechaba le ha bana ba ithuta mesebetsi ea batho ba baholo (Hewlett & Konyana, 2005; Hrdy, 2009; Sorenson, 1998; Weissner, 2014).

Homo ea mofuta ona e sebelisitse 99% ea bophelo ba eona-95% bakeng sa mefuta ea rona, homo sapiens - lihlopheng tsa ho iphelisa (Fry, 2006). Sena se supa hore 'mele ea rona le boko li iphetotse li bile li ikamahanya le maemo ana a baholo-holo, a bitsoang tikoloho ea ho iphetola hoa lintho (Bowlby, 1969). Moo ho bonahalang ho bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa boiketlo ba nako e telele ke bongoaneng.

Moelelo oa rona oa Baholo-holo oa Bana

Tlhokomelo ea semelo sa baholo-holo ba bana e ile ea huleloa pele ke John Bowlby (1969) ka li-1950s. O hlokometse hore likhopolo tse tloaelehileng mabapi le kholo ea bana tse fanoang ke boits'oaro le tlhahlobo ea kelello ea Freudian ka nako eo li ne li ke ke tsa hlalosa karabelo e senyehileng ea bana le likhutsana tse arohaneng le malapa nakong ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše le kamora eona. A sebelisa mokhoa oa boits'oaro, o ile a hlokomela hore bana ba hloka ho fetang mofuthu, bolulo le lijo ho tsoa ho batsoali ba bona. Joaloka liphoofolo tse ling tse anyesang, bana ba "etselitsoe" ho ikamahanya le bahlokomeli ba arabelang nakong ea ha ba sa utloe bohloko 'me ba utloa bohloko ha ba aroloa. Bowlby o boetse a hlokometse sistimi ea tlhokomelo ea bahlokomeli e thusang ho hlokomela tlhokomelo ea bana le ho e etsa hore e be monate (Bowlby, 1969). Botsoali ba Mamammali ke ntho! (Krasnegor, & Bridges, 2010).

Le ha liphoofolo tsohle tse anyesang li le tlokotsing ea ho fumana litholoana tse mpe ho tsoa tlhokomelong e mpe, bana ba batho ba kotsing haholo. Bana ba tsoalo ea nako e felletseng ba tsoaloa ba na le 25% feela ea bophahamo ba molumo oa boko ba batho ba baholo; boko bo eketsa boholo ba eona lilemong tse 'maloa tsa pele ka tlhokomelo ea tlhokomelo, athe boholo ba boko le ts'ebetso ha li hōle ka boholo kapa ho rarahana ka ho se natsoe (Perry et al., 1995). Bana ba tšoana le masea a liphoofolo tse ling ho fihlela likhoeli tse 18 tsa kamora ho hlaha, ho bolelang hore ba na le ho hongata hoo ba lokelang ho ho holisa le ho itlhophisa ho ipapisitse le boiphihlelo ba 'mele le bophelo.

Ka lipatlisiso tse latelang tsa ho ikopanya le bana, joale rea tseba hore litsamaiso tse ngata tsa boko li susumetsoa ke boiphihlelo ba pele le bahlokomeli, ka hona litlamorao tsa boiphihlelo ba pele li na le litlamorao tsa nako e telele tsa neurobiological (Schore, 2019). Mohlala, hemisphere e nepahetseng ea boko e reretsoe ho hola ka potlako lilemong tsa pele tsa bophelo ka tlhokomelo ea tlhokomelo. Tlhokomelo e tlase e nts'etsapele sebaka se nepahetseng se ka bakang mathata a bophelo bo botle ba kelello hamorao.

Boko ba banna bo ameha haholo ke tlhokomelo e tlase ka lebaka la mamello e hahelletsoeng ka tlase le ho butsoa butle butle ho feta boko ba basali (Schore, 2017). Ba hloka ho hlokomeloa ka bongata empa re ba fa e nyane, re ba tlohella hore ba itšetlehe ka litsamaiso tsa khale tsa puso le boikokobetso. Ha ba se ba le baholo ba thata ka lebaka la kholo e sa ntlafalang ea boko, joalo ka lingaka tsa psychotherapists (Tweedy, 2021).

Nestedness e Tsoetseng Pele

Scholarship litsong tse tsoetseng pele indastering hangata e na le pono e fokolang ea botho, e fokolang haholo hoo bo-rafilosofi ba bile ba nahanisisa ka hore na lesea le ka ba joang sehlekehlekeng se le seng. Mang kapa mang ea tsebang nalane ea nalane ea batho o ne a ka fumana potso e joalo e se na kelello. Ha ho na lesea le se nang mme kapa mme ea atlehileng oa 'm'a ngoana ntle le ts'ehetso ea sechaba, kaha tšehetso ea bo-mme e etsa phapang e kholo ea hore na ngoana o hlaha joang (Hrdy, 2009; Hawkes, O'Connell, & Blurton-Jones, 1989). Lesea le hloka hoo ho hlokang sehlopha sa batho ba baholo ba arabelang hore ngoana a utloe a tšehelitsoe. Sehlaha se iphetotseng se fana ka ts'ehetso e nepahetseng nakong eohle ea kholo, se ts'oanang le tsela ea kholo ea ngoana.

Qetello

Tloaelo e nang le tsebo ea bophelo bo botle e re khothaletsa ho utloisisa litlhoko tsa mantlha tsa mefuta ea rona le hore na re ka li fihlela joang le hore na li kopana joang le tsona (Gowdy, 1998). Ka ho sebetsa ka mekhahlelo e fapaneng, re ithuta ka litlamorao tse hlokoang ke litloaelo kapa litloaelo kholisong ea batho le boiketlong ba bona. Tsebo e joalo e re thusa ho lemoha se khothalletsang bophelo bo botle kapa che lefatšeng la kajeno. Sena se re lumella ho khetha ka hloko metheo ea boits'oaro le ho latela mekhoa e khothalletsang bophelo bo botle, eo re tla e hlahloba mananeong a latelang.

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