Von Economo Neurons: Ke Life, li fumaneha kae le mesebetsi

Litaba

• Mefuta ena ea li-neurone e amahanngoa le lits'ebetso tse rarahaneng tsa kutloisiso, joalo ka boiketlo ba sechaba.
• Von Economo neurons: tlhaloso, sebaka le nts'etsopele
• Sebopeho
• Likaroloana
• Mathata a amanang le kholo e sa tloaelehang ea li-neuron tsena

Mefuta ena ea li-neurone e amahanngoa le lits'ebetso tse rarahaneng tsa kutloisiso, joalo ka boiketlo ba sechaba.

Li-neurons tsa Von Economo ke sehlopha se ikhethileng sa lisele tsa methapo, e qalileng ho hlalosoa lilemo tse ka tlase ho lekholo tse fetileng, tšobotsi ea batho le litšoene tse kholo.

Li khethehile ka lebaka la sebopeho sa tsona se bopehileng joaloka thupa le hobane li kentse letsoho lits'ebetsong tse rarahaneng tsa kutloisiso tse amanang le botsoalle, kutloelo-bohloko, intuition kapa ho etsa liqeto tse rarahaneng.

Sehloohong sena re hlalosa hore na mefuta ena ea methapo ea kutlo e na le eng, re ka e fumana kae, sebopeho sa eona ke eng le hore na e etsa mesebetsi efe, le se etsahalang ha lisele tsena li hlaha ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang.

Von Economo neurons: tlhaloso, sebaka le nts'etsopele

Constantin Von Economo, ea sibolotseng li-spindle neurons.

Li-neurons tsa Von Economo, tse tsejoang hape e le li-spindle neurons, li rehelletsoe ka ngaka ea mafu a kelello ea Austria le ngaka ea methapo Constantin F. Von Economo, eo ka 1926 a faneng ka tlhaloso e qaqileng ea morpholoji le kabo ea cortical ea li-neuron tsena.

Von Economo hape e ne e le rasaense oa pele ea bonts'itseng hore lisele tsena tse bopehileng joaloka sekontiri ke li-neuron tse ikhethang tse fumanehang karolong ea Vb ea anterior cingulate cortex le frontal insular cortex, haholo.

Li-spindle neurons, ho fapana le mefuta e mengata ea lisele tsa methapo, li teng ka litšoene tse kholo (li-gorilla, lichimpanzi, li-bonobos, le li-orangutan) le bathong, empa ha li eo liphoofolong tse ling.

Li-neuron tsa Von Economo li hlaha kamora nako, ka bobeli ho genetics le phylogenetically. Lisele tsena li hlaha ka lekhetlo la pele bekeng ea 35 ea bokhachane; nakong ea tsoalo, ke 15% feela ea lipalo tsa batsoetse ba bang teng, 'me ka lilemo tse' ne, lipalo tsa batho ba baholo li se li le teng.

Ho ea ka lipatlisiso, lisele tsa leino li bonahala li bile teng lilemo tse ka bang limilione tse 15 tse fetileng, pele ho phapang ea li-orangutan le li-hominids. Ho sibolloa ha eona maruarung a mang ho fana ka maikutlo a hore ho ka ba le phetoho ea bobeli e ikemetseng ea mofuta ona oa neuron.

Temoho ea hore lisele tsa Von Economo li hlaha sehlopheng sa liphoofolo se bohlokoa ho lebisitse khopolong ea hore li bohlokoa haholo ts'ebetsong ea motho le ts'ebetsong ea boko.

Taba ea hore li-neuron tsena li fumanoe mefuteng e meng ea liphoofolo (joalo ka maruarua) e fana ka maikutlo a hore e ka ba tlamo e tlamang ea methapo ea kutlo bokong bo boholo, e lumellang ho sebetsoa ka potlako le phetiso ea tlhaiso-leseling ka likhakanyo tse ikhethang, mme e bile teng ka lebaka la boits'oaro bo hlahang sechabeng. .

Sebopeho

Von Economo o hlalositse mofuta ona oa lisele e le li-neuron tse bonts'ang sebopeho sa spindle le bolelele bo sa tloaelehang, e sekametse ho shebaneng le pial surface ea cortex, e nang le axon e kholo ea apical le basal dendrite e le 'ngoe, e nang le bophara bo batlang bo lekana le soma ea eona.

Aphonone ea tsona e kholo ea apical le soma e kholo e bolelele li tšoana le tsa cortical pyramidal neuron, empa Von Economo neurons ha e na li-dendrite tse ngata tsa basal tse etsoang ke lisele tsa pyramidal, mme ho fapana le moo li fumana lisebelisoa ho tsoa karolong e nyane ea cortex; Ntle le moo, li-neuron tsa sekontiri li kholo ho feta makhetlo a mahlano ho feta li-neuron tsa piramidi ka lera V (ka karolelano).

Ho tšoana ha tsona ka sebopeho sa li-neuron tsa pyramidal ho fana ka maikutlo a hore li-neuron tsena li ka etsa mesebetsi e ts'oanang, mme hobane lebelo leo li-neuron li tsamaisang tlhahisoleseling hangata li fapana le bophara ba li-axon tsa lona, ​​li-neuron tse kholo tsa Von Economo li ka etsa joalo kapele haholo, ha li bapisoa le li-neuron tse ling. .

Leha ho le joalo, li-neuron tsa Von Economo ha li fumanehe hangata tikolohong e joalo ka anterior cingulate cortex, e nang le 1-2% feela ea li-neuron tsohle sebakeng sena sa boko.

Ka lehlakoreng le ka pele la insular cortex, mefuta ena ea li-neuron e 30% ho feta ho hemisphere e nepahetseng ho feta ka letsohong le letšehali ; ts'ebetso ea phapano ea hemispheric e etsahalang lilemong tsa pele tse 'ne tsa kholo ea kamora' pelehi ho batho.

Likaroloana

Patlisiso e fana ka maikutlo a hore bokapele ba insular cortex le bokantle ba cingate cortex, libaka tsa boko moo palo e kholo ea methapo ea kutlo e leng teng, li kentse letsoho monahanong oa kahisano, kutloelo-bohloko, maikutlong le ho lekoleng boits'oaro ba visceral bo ikemetseng, hara mesebetsi e meng.

Karolo e ka pele ea cingate cortex e na le likhakanyo tse lebisang bokapele ba bokapele, bo amanang le lits'ebetso tsa ts'oaetso ea ts'oaetso le ho se ts'oanehe. Ha ho fanoa ka morpholoji ea lisele tsa Von Economo, li hlalositsoe e le li-neuron tse potlakileng, mme ka lebaka la mesebetsi ea libaka tseo ho lumeloang hore li amohela le ho fana ka tlhaiso-leseling, ho lumeloa hore li tla bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho intuition. Ho nka liqeto kapele le ho rarolla mathata a ts'oaetso ea dissonance.

Spindle neurons e thusa lits'oants'o tsa methapo ea kutlo ho tsoa libakeng tse tebileng ka har'a cortex ho isa likarolong tse hole haholo tsa boko. Lipontšo tse tsoang ho anterior cingulate cortex li hlokometsoe hore li amoheloa sebakeng sa Brodmann 10, lebaleng le ka pele, moo ho nahanoang hore taolo ea phokotso ea kutloisiso le phapang lipakeng tsa mekhoa e meng.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, bathong, maikutlo a matla a kenya tšebetso ea anterior cingulate cortex, hobane e fetisa matšoao a neural a tsoang amygdala, setsi sa mantlha sa ho sebetsana le maikutlo, ho ea karolong e ka pele ea cortex. Anterior cingulate cortex e boetse e sebetsa nakong ea mesebetsi e batlang e hlokang kahlolo le khethollo, hammoho le ho lemoha liphoso.

Anterior cingulate cortex e boetse e kenella mesebetsing ea boipheliso, ho kenyelletsa ts'ebetso ea tšilo ea lijo le ea makoloi, ha e ntse e bapala karolo ea taolo ea khatello ea mali le lebelo la pelo.

Bokhoni ba bohlokoa ba bokhabane le tatso ba cingate cortex le bokapele ba insular cortex bo bonahala bo felile nakong ea kholo ea ho iphetola ha lintho, ho etsa mesebetsi e ntlafalitsoeng e amanang le tsebo e phahameng, ho tloha ho rala le ho itsebisa ho ea ho karolo ea papali le thetso.

Hape hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore ts'ebetso e fokotsehileng ea batho, ha e bapisoa le litšoene tse ling, e ka amana le taba ea hore lisele tse oelang ka har'a litsi tsa bohlokoahali tsa methapo li na le li-dendrite tse peli feela ho fapana le tse ngata, tse bakang hore kopanyo ea methapo e fokotsehe

Mathata a amanang le kholo e sa tloaelehang ea li-neuron tsena

Nts'etsopele e sa tloaelehang ea li-neuron tsa Von Economo e hokahantsoe le mathata a fapaneng a botho le mathata a neurodevelopmental, haholoholo tse tsebahalang ka ho sotha nnete, ho ferekana kelellong, mathata a puo le ho ikhula sechabeng.

Ntle le moo, nts'etsopele le ts'ebetso e sa tloaelehang ea mofuta ona oa neuron li kentsoe kelellong ke mathata a kang autism, hobane lithuto tse fapaneng li bontšitse hore li-spindle neurons li nka karolo lits'ebetsong tsa ts'oaetso tse amehang tlhahlobong e potlakileng ea maemo a rarahaneng. Ka kutloisiso ena, ho 'nile ha boleloa hore e ka ba karolo ea lipotoloho tse tšehetsang marang-rang a batho.

Ho hlahisitsoe li-neuron tsa Von Economo hore li amana le libaka tsa boko tse amanang le mohopolo oa kelello, ka phetiso ea tlhaiso-leseling ho tloha libakeng tsa cingate cortex le libakeng tse ka pele ho naha ho isa karolong e ka pele le ea nakoana, moo maikutlo a potlakileng a kopantsoeng le likahlolo tse liehang tsa maiketsetso.

Mathateng a autism spectrum, li-spindle neurons li ke ke tsa hola hantle, mme ho hloleha hona ho ka baka karolo ea mathata a sechaba a hlahang ka lebaka la ho sebelisa lits'ebetso tse fosahetseng tsa tlhaiso-leseling.

Ka hlakoreng le leng, ho senyeha ho khethiloeng ha li-spindle neurons ho boetse ho bonoa ho mafu a kang Alzheimer's le 'dementia'. Mohlala, ho bakuli ba nang le 'dementia' ea "frontotemporal", e leng lefu la methapo ea kutlo le etsang hore motho a lahleheloe ke kutloelo-bohloko mme a fetohe ea feto-fetohang le ho hloka kutloelo-bohloko, 70% ea li-neuron tsa Von Economo li fumanoe li senyehile.

Kamora nako, ho lokela ho hlokomeloe hore lipatlisiso tse ling li bontšitse hore nts'etsopele e sa tloaelehang ea li-neuron tsena e ka amana le pathogenesis ea schizophrenia, leha ho se liphetho tse hlakileng tse fumanoeng ho fihlela joale.