Underdogs: Ho phekola liphoofolo tse futsanehileng tse hlokang malapeng a hlokang

"Bothata ba ho isa lits'ebeletso tsa bongaka ba liphoofolo ho lintja le likatse metseng e nang le chelete e tlase ka tšohanyetso bo hlahile e le bothata bo boholo bo tobaneng le matlo a bolulo a liphoofolo, lihlopha tsa pholoso ea liphoofolo, mafapha a taolo ea liphoofolo le lingaka tsa liphoofolo United States le kantle ho naha."

Lintja le likatse li "kena." Batho ba bangata lefats'eng ka bophara ba arolelana matlo a bona, 'me ka tšepo lipelo tsa bona, le metsoalle ea canine le feline. Leha ho le joalo, tlhokomelo e ngata e fuoang batho bana ba makatsang bao e seng batho e koaletsoe libakeng tseo batho ba ka khonang ho li lefella. Ho makatsang ke hore beng ba liphoofolo tse lulang bofutsaneng kapa haufi le bona ha ba sebelise tlhokomelo ea bongaka ea bongaka ea mahala kapa e theko e tlase ha ba e fuoa. Ho utloisisa hore na hobaneng sena se etsahala le se ka etsoang ka hona ke lipotso tsa bohlokoa tse tobaneng le babuelli ba liphoofolo ba batlang ho ntšetsa pele boiketlo ba liphoofolo tsohle tse ruuoang lapeng. Ke thabetse ho fana ka puisano ena le Dr. Arnold Arluke le Andrew Rowan mabapi le buka ea bona e ncha le ea bohlokoahali e bitsoang Underdogs: Liphoofolo tsa lapeng, Batho le Bofuma , ka bophelo ba lintja le likatse tse lulang libakeng tse hlokang. ^1,2,3

Hobaneng u ngotse lengolo la hau la Litlhapi tse tlase?

Ho hakanngoa hore liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng tse ka bang limilione tse 19 tse lulang metseng e sa sireletsoeng ha li fumane tlhokomelo e fokolang ea bongaka ba liphoofolo, joalo ka liente tsa bohlokoa, litlhahlobo tsa mantlha, ho nyopa kapa kalafo bakeng sa mathata a mantlha a bongaka. Lingaka tse ling tsa bongaka ba liphoofolo li bona ho hloka phihlello joalo ka bothata bo ka sehloohong ba mosebetsi kajeno, bo bakang masisa-pelo le khatello ho beng ba liphoofolo tse ngata tsa lapeng.

Tlohelo ena e qala ho fetoha butle-butle lilemong tsa morao tjena ka kholo ea mananeo, a atisang ho hokelloa litsing tsa bolulo tsa liphoofolo, tse fanang ka lits'ebeletso tsa mantlha tsa bongaka ba liphoofolo tse sa lefelloeng kapa tse sa lefelloeng ho beng ba liphoofolo tse sotlehileng, ho kenyelletsa nyopa, liente, litlhahlobo tsa bophelo bo botle, kalafo ea mantlha, lijo tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng , esita le terata ho lintja tse sa tlamiloeng. Leha ho le joalo, ha litšitiso tsa theko kapa phihlello li tlosoa, beng ba liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng (ba hakanyetsoang ho 20% ea baahi ba sa sebeletsoang) ba hloleha ho nka monyetla ka lits'ebeletso tsena kapa ba lieha ho etsa joalo.

Re bapisitse mananeo a thehiloeng matlong a bolulo Costa Rica le Charlotte, North Carolina ho bona hore na litšitiso ntle le litjeo le phihlello, joalo ka setso, morabe le maemo, li ka sitisa phihlello e lekanang ea lits'ebeletso tsa bongaka ba liphoofolo ka likarolo tsohle tsa baahi ba nang le liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng. Le ho bona hore na ka linako tse ling litšitiso tsena li a hlola, re ithutile ka moo bafani ba litšebeletso tsa mahala kapa tsa theko e tlase libakeng tsena tse peli ba atlehileng ho sebetsana le litšitiso tseo eseng tsa lichelete ho haseng tlhokomelo ea mantlha ea bongaka ba liphoofolo.

E etsa joang Litlhapi tse tlase e amana le semelo sa hau le lithahasello tsa hau ka kakaretso?

Ho ngola hammoho Litlhapi tse tlase e kopantse boiphihlelo ba rona lipatlisisong tsa mahlale a sechaba le leano la sechaba la liphoofolo. Joaloka setsebi sa kahisano le sengoli sa merabe, Arnold o qetile lilemo tse fetang 35 a ithuta mefuta e fapaneng ea likamano tsa batho le liphoofolo, ho kenyeletsoa tse fumanoang ke mapolesa a liphoofolo, basebeletsi ba bolulo, liofisiri tsa taolo ea liphoofolo, lingaka tsa liphoofolo, bo-rasaense ba liphoofolo tsa laboratori, ba hlekefetsang liphoofolo, hoarders, barupeluoa ba rodeo, lifoto tsa liphoofolo le beng ba liphoofolo tse ruiloeng letsatsi le letsatsi. Andrew o qetile lilemo tse 40 a ithuta lipalo-palo tsa liphoofolo le likamano tsa liphoofolo le batho ba bang Amerika Leboea le lefats'e ka bophara. O qetile lilemo tse 20 a okametse merero e sebetsanang le taolo ea botho ea lintja tsa seterateng ho pota lefatše, haholo-holo Asia le Latin America. Haufinyane tjena, o shebile hape le batho ba nang le phihlello e fokolang ea tlhokomelo ea bongaka ba liphoofolo bakeng sa liphoofolo tse ling.

Ke bo-mang bao u batlang ho ba mamela?

Re ngotse Litlhapi tse tlase ho thusa baetsi ba melao, babuelli ba liphoofolo, le bafani ba litšebeletso ho jala tlhokomelo ea bongaka ea bongaka e theko e tlaase. Mananeo a fanang ka lits'ebeletso tsena a tla utloisisa hamolemo lintlha tse fokotsang katleho ea bona kapa ho eketsa katleho ea ona, ho hlophisa le ho etsa mesebetsi ea bona ka mokhoa o ikhethileng ho fihlella bamameli ba pharalletseng ba beng ba liphoofolo tse hlokang tlhokomelo, le ho khothaletsa ho fetola maano a molao a amang phano ea litšebeletso tsa bona ho ba Re boetse re ngotse Litlhapi tse tlase bakeng sa barutehi le batho feela ba batlang ho utloisisa hore na moetlo, maemo le morabe li bopa joang ho boloka liphoofolo le ho li hlokomela.

Tse ling tsa lihlooho le melaetsa bukeng ea hau ke li fe?

Ntle le theko le phihlello, re fumane litšitiso tse ling ho haseng tlhokomelo ea mantlha ea tlhokomelo ea bongaka ea liphoofolo, leha litšitiso tsena li ne li fapana libakeng tse peli. Libakeng tse sa sirelelitsoeng ka ho fetisisa Costa Rica, lintja le likatse li ne li se "tsa tsona" ka kutloisiso ea sejoale-joale ea bophirima mme ho nahanoa hore li ikemetse ka ho lekana ho lekana hantle literateng, ka hona ho li isa tlhokomelo ea mantlha ea bongaka ba liphoofolo e ne e se boikarabello ba motho kapa ntho e nkuoang ha ho hlokahala. Ho matlafatsa ho tsilatsila hona, lihlopha tse lekang ho fana ka tlhokomelo ea bongaka ba liphoofolo ho bao ba sa sebeletsoang ka linako tse ling li ne li qothisana lehlokoa le bona bareki ka litsela tse thatafatsang kapa tse sitisang phano ea lits'ebeletso tse theko e tlase. Mohlala, lingaka tsa bongaka tse ikemetseng, ba tšaba hore ba tla lahleheloa ke bareki ho sireletsa mananeo a fanang ka sterilization ea theko e tlase, ka linako tse ling ba leka ho thibela palo ea lits'ebeletso tsa mahala kapa tse theotsoeng tse fuoang ba sa sebetsoeng.

Karolong e sa sirelelitsoeng ka ho fetesisa ea Charlotte, ho ne ho na le litšitiso tse fapaneng ho phatlalatseng tlhokomelo ea bongaka ea bongaka e theko e tlaase. Batho ba bang ba ne ba sa tšepe sebaka sena sa bolulo hobane lenaneo la eona la ho nyopa le ne le ba hopotsa ka ho qobella basali ho ntša basali ba batšo ha mmuso haufinyane tjena ka 1974. Ba bang ba ile ba ikutloa ba hlajoa ke lihlong kapa ba bile ba khesoa ho nka litšebeletso tsa mahala. Leha ho le joalo ba bang ba ne ba tšaba hore ba ts'ebetsong ea molao kapa ba boholong ba tsa bojaki ba tla ba sala morao ka tlhaiso-leseling eo ba e fileng bolulo.

Maemong ana ka bobeli, mananeo a phalliso ea bolulo a lekile ho hlola litšitiso tsena e le hore liphoofolo tse ngata li fumane tlhokomelo ea mantlha ea bongaka ba liphoofolo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, matlo a bolulo a ile a nka leano le ts'oanang: basebetsi ba fokolitse litebello tsa bona tsa seo sechaba se sa sebetseng se ka se etsetsang lintja le likatse ka nepo, ka lebaka la bonnete ba ho phela bofuma kapa haufi le bofuma le lithibelo tsa moetlo oa lehae.Khopolo ea "tlhokomelo ea boikarabello," eo hangata e nkoang e le tekanyetso ea khauta ea boits'oaro ba beng ba liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng, e ne e sa khone ho fihlella hape e bile e beha kotsing ho tsoelapele ho arola sechaba se nang le litšireletso tsa nako e telele, kahoo ho fapana le ho thibela kapa ho nyahamisa ho ba le liphoofolo tse ruiloeng metseng e sa sebetsoeng hantle, basebetsi ba bolulo ba ikemiselitse bakeng sa tlhokomelo e utloahalang.

Ba boetse ba lekile ho fetola tsela eo batho ba sebelisanang le liphoofolo tsa bona ho eketsa sehokelo sa bona mme ka lebaka leo boikemisetso ba bona ba ho sebelisa lits'ebeletso tsa bongaka ba liphoofolo tse sa lefelloeng kapa tse theotsoeng. Libakeng tse se nang batho ba hlokang tlhokomelo ba Costa Rica, basebeletsi ba fanang ka thuso ea boipheliso ba lekile ho fetola maikutlo a lintja le likatse hore a tšoane le mohopolo oa sejoale-joale oa bophirima oa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng. Mohlala, batho ba neng ba e-so ka ba ts'oara, ho tswala kapa ho qhotsa ntja kapa katse ba khothalelitsoe ho etsa joalo ha ba tlisa liphoofolo bakeng sa nyopa. Lenaneo le West Charlotte le lona le fetotse tsela eo batho ba sebelisanang le liphoofolo tsa bona tse ruuoang lapeng. Ka mohlala, ho aha terata ea jareteng ho ile ha nolofalletsa lintja tse sa laoleheng hore li atamelehe haholoanyane, e leng se neng se tla nolofalletsa beng ba tsona ho li tšoara kapa ho li bapala. Bolulo bo boetse bo sebelitse ho eketsa tšepo ea sechaba sa lehae ka sepheo le mananeo a sona. Mohlala, basebetsi ba thehile likamano tse khethehileng le "man ambosa a sechaba" ba tseba hore batho ba sebelisitseng tlhokomelo e theko e tlase ea bolulo mme ba e buileng hantle ba tla khothatsa baahisani ka liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng hore le bona ba sebelise litšebeletso tsena.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, mananeo a fanang ka litšebeletso tsa mahala kapa tse theko e tlase a tlameha ho nahana ka moetlo, morabe le maemo a maemo a sechaba seo a se sebeletsang ho etsa hore kopo ea tlhokomelo e theko e tlase e be bonolo. Qetellong, li tla sebetsa eseng feela hobane litšitiso tsa theko le phihlello li tlositsoe kapa li fokotsoe, empa hobane li sebetsana le mathata a maholo a tobaneng le beng ba liphoofolo ba lulang bofutsaneng kapa haufi.

Buka ea hau e fapana joang le lipatlisiso tsa pejana mabapi le tlhokomelo ea bongaka ba liphoofolo metseng e sa sireletsoeng?

Litlhapi tse tlase ke buka ea pele e hlalosang ka botlalo tsietsi ea limilione tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng tse sa bolokehang, ho tsilatsila ha beng ba tsona ho sebelisa litšebeletso tsa mantlha tsa mahala tsa bongaka kapa tsa theko e tlase, le boiteko ba babuelli ba liphoofolo ho rarolla bothata bona Costa Rica le United States. Mosebetsi oa rona hape ke oa pele oa ho lekola mekhoa eo maemo a sechaba, morabe le setso a bopang litšebelisano tsa batho le liphoofolo metseng e sotlehileng.