New Neuroprosthetic Ke Phallo ea AI ea Liroboto

Bo-rasaense ba EPFL (École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne) Switzerland ba phatlalalitse hore ho thehiloe mofuta oa pele oa lefats'e bakeng sa taolo ea letsoho la liroboto - mofuta o mocha oa methapo ea kutlo e kopanyang taolo ea motho le boits'oaro ba maiketsetso (AI) bakeng sa boqhetseke bo boholo ba liroboto mme ba phatlalatsa lipatlisiso tsa bona ho Loetse 2019 ho Bohlale ba Mochini oa Tlhaho .

Neuroprosthetics (neural prosthetics) ke lisebelisoa tsa maiketsetso tse khothalletsang kapa ho ntlafatsa tsamaiso ea methapo ka ho susumetsa motlakase ho lefella bofokoli bo amang litsebo tsa likoloi, tsebo, pono, kutlo, puisano kapa tsebo ea kutlo. Mehlala ea li-neuroprosthetics e kenyelletsa li-interface tsa khomphutha (BCIs), tšusumetso e tebileng ea boko, li-spinal cord stimulators (SCS), lisebelisoa tsa taolo ea senya, li-cochlear le li-pacemaker tsa pelo.

Boleng ba lefatše ba maoto le matsoho bo holimo bo lebelletsoe ho feta 2.3 billion ea USD ka 2025, ho latela lipalo tsa tlaleho ea Phato 2019 ea Global Market Insight. Ho 2018, boleng ba mmaraka ba lefats'e ka bophara bo fihlile ho lidolara tse limilione tse sekete ho latela tlaleho e tšoanang. Ho hakanngoa hore Maamerika a limilione tse peli ke batho ba khaohileng litho, 'me ho na le likhaolo tse fetang 185,000 tse etsoang selemo le selemo, ho latela Setsi sa Naha sa Boitsebiso ba Loss Limb. Lefu la vascular le etsa karolo ea 82 lekholong ea likoto tsa U.S. ho latela tlaleho.

Ho sebelisoa maiketsetso a maiketsetso ho nkela likarolo tsa 'mele tse khaotsoeng karolo e' ngoe ea maiketsetso e kentsoeng ke mesifa e teng ea mosebelisi. Ho ea ka sehlopha sa lipatlisiso sa EPFL, lisebelisoa tsa khoebo tse fumanehang kajeno li ka fa basebelisi boemo bo phahameng ba boipuso, empa bokhabane ha ho na moo e batlang e le bobebe joalo ka letsoho le tiileng la motho.

“Lisebelisoa tsa khoebo hangata li sebelisa sistimi e rekota habeli ho laola tekanyo e le 'ngoe ea tokoloho; ke hore, mocha o le mong oa sEMG oa ho palama le o mong oa katoloso, "ho ngotse bafuputsi ba EPFL thutong ea bona. "Le ha e le tlhaiso-leseling, sistimi e fana ka boqhetseke bo fokolang. Batho ba lahla litho tsa maiketsetso tse tsamaisang motlakase li le maemong a holimo haholo, hobane ba ikutloa hore taolo e lekaneng ha e tšoanele theko le ho rarahana ha lisebelisoa tsena. ”

Ho rarolla bothata ba ho itšireletsa ka maiketsetso ka myoelectric prostheses, bafuputsi ba EPFL ba nkile mokhoa o fapaneng oa thuto bakeng sa thuto ena ea bopaki ka ho kopanya likarolo tsa mahlale tsa neuroengineering, liroboto le bohlale ba maiketsetso ho etsa karolo ea taelo ea makoloi bakeng sa "ho arolelanoa laola. ”

Silvestro Micera, Modulasetulo oa Bertarelli Foundation oa EPFL ho Translational Neuroengineering, le Moprofesa oa Bioelectronics ho Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna naheng ea Italy, o nka mokhoa ona o arolelanoeng oa ho laola matsoho a liroboto o ka ntlafatsa tšusumetso ea bongaka le ts'ebeliso ea merero e mengata ea methapo ea kutlo e kang boko -to-interface (BMIs) le matsoho a bionic.

Bafuputsi ba ile ba ngola ba re: "Lebaka le leng le etsang hore li-prostheses tsa khoebo li sebelise li-decoder tse thehiloeng ho classifier ho fapana le tse lekanang ke hobane li-classifiers li lula li le maemong a itseng." “Bakeng sa ho utloisisa, mofuta ona oa taolo o loketse ho thibela ho oela ka phoso empa o fana ka sehlabelo ho basebelisi ka ho thibela palo ea batho ba ka bang teng ka matsoho. Ts'ebetsong ea rona ea taolo e arolelanoang e lumella boemeli ba basebelisi le ho ts'oara matla. Sebakeng se sa lefelloeng, mosebelisi o na le taolo e felletseng ea ho sisinyeha ha matsoho, e leng se lumellang hore ho be le moelelo oa nakoana oa ho ts'oara. "

Phuputsong ena, bafuputsi ba EPFL ba shebile moralo oa li-algorithms tsa software-lisebelisoa tsa liroboto tse fanoeng ke mekha e kantle li na le Allegro Hand e kentsoeng roboto ea KUKA IIWA 7, sistimi ea kh'amera ea OptiTrack le li-sensors tsa khatello ea TEKSCAN.

Bo-rasaense ba EPFL ba thehile kinematic proportional decoder ka ho theha multilayer perceptron (MLP) ho ithuta ho toloka sepheo sa mosebelisi e le ho e fetolela ka motsamao oa menoana letsohong la maiketsetso. Perceptron ea multilayer ke marang-rang a maiketsetso a maiketsetso a sebelisang tlhahiso ea morao-rao. MLP ke mokhoa o tebileng oa ho ithuta moo tlhaiso-leseling e tsoelang pele ka nqa e le 'ngoe, ho fapana le potoloho kapa loop ka marang-rang a maiketsetso a neural.

Algorithm e koetlisoa ke tlhaiso-leseling e tsoang ho mosebelisi ea etsang letoto la metsamao ea matsoho. Bakeng sa nako ea khokahano e potlakileng, mokhoa oa Levenberg – Marquardt o sebelisitsoe ho lekanya litekanyo tsa marang-rang ho fapana le ho theoha ha gradient. Ts'ebetso ea mofuta o felletseng e ne e potlakile mme e nka nako e ka tlase ho metsotso e 10 bakeng sa sehlooho ka seng, ho etsa hore algorithm e sebetse ho latela ts'ebeliso ea bongaka.

"Ho motho ea khaohileng setho, ho hlile ho thata haholo ho tiisa mesifa ka litsela tse ngata tse fapaneng ho laola mekhoa eohle eo menoana ea rona e tsamaeang ka eona," ho boletse Katie Zhuang ho EPFL Translational Neural Engineering Lab, eo e neng e le mongoli oa pele oa thuto ea lipatlisiso. . “Seo re se etsang ke ho beha li-sensor tsena kutung ea tsona e setseng, ebe re li rekota ebe re leka ho toloka hore na matšoao a motsamao ke eng. Hobane matšoao ana a ka ba lerata, seo re se hlokang ke mochini ona oa ho ithuta algorithm e ntšang ts'ebetso e nang le moelelo ho tsoa mesifeng eo mme e a toloka ka metsamao. Tsamaiso ena ke eona e laolang monoana o mong le o mong oa matsoho a liroboto. ”

Hobane mehopolo ea mochini oa motsamao oa menoana e kanna ea se ke ea nepahala ka liperesente tsa 100, bafuputsi ba EPFL ba kentse mochine oa liroboto ho etsa hore letsoho la maiketsetso le ho qala ho koala ntho hang hang ha puisano ea pele e etsoa. Haeba mosebelisi a batla ho lokolla ntho, seo a tlamehang ho se etsa ke ho leka ho bula letsoho molemong oa ho tima molaoli oa liroboto, ebe o khutlisetsa mosebelisi taolong ea letsoho.

Ho ea ka Aude Billard ea etellang pele li-algorithm tsa ho ithuta tsa EPFL le Laborator ea Tsamaiso, letsoho la liroboto le khona ho sebetsana le li-millisecond tse 400. Billard o re: "E na le li-sensors tse hatellang hohle menoaneng, e ka arabela le ho tsitsisa ntho pele boko bo ka lemoha hore ntho e thella."

Ka ho sebelisa bohlale ba maiketsetso ho li-neuroengineering le liroboto, bo-rasaense ba EPFL ba bonts'itse mokhoa o mocha oa taolo e arolelanoang lipakeng tsa mochini le sepheo sa mosebelisi-tsoelo-pele ho theknoloji ea methapo ea kutlo.

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