Mitochondria: Likaroloana Tse Fosahetseng ho Epigenetics ea Brain e Hatisitsoeng?

Ho tloha ts'imolohong, ho ne ho kanna ha etsahala hore liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa mitochondrial, tse futsitsoeng ho 'm'a tsona feela, li lokela ho nka karolo ho thuto e hatisitsoeng ea boko, hobane feela e re kholo ea boko e bile ka lebaka la khohlano lipakeng tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso le batsoali. Empa karolo efe? Hona liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa mitochondrial tse 37 kantle ho khubu le hole le sebaka se bohareng sa lefutso li ka ba bohlokoa joang? Ketsahalong ea pejana, ke fane ka likarabo tse ntle ka ho fetisisa kamoo nka khonang ka nako eo, empa joale p aper ea Paola Bressan le Peter Kramer (ea bontšitsoeng ka ho le letšehali) o beha sekhechana sa papali se sieo sebakeng sa sona:

Ho tloha ha liphetoho tse mpe tse lematsang banna feela li ke ke tsa hloekisoa ka khetho, ka hona, liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa mitochondrial li fetohile molemong oa basali ho feta banna [...]. Ka mantsoe a mang, mefuta ea DNA ea mitochondrial e fokotsang tsoalo ea banna e atile haholo [...]. Ho hlile ho nahanoa hore mitochondria -e se nang thahasello ea ho iphetola ha lintho leha e le efe ho ba ho monna-e ka khethoa ho bolaea kapa ho etsa basali e le batona nakong ea kholo ea "intrauterine [...]. Leha ho le joalo ts'ebetsong ena e ka bonahala e lokile, ha ho nahanoa ka tlhahiso e ts'oanang le e ts'oanang ea hore libaka tse ling tsa Y chromosome li ka sutumetsa ho kenella kapele le kholo ea mahe a emohali, e lebisang ho ntšeng limpa tse khethehileng tsa basali [...]; ... Litekanyetso tsa ntoa ea bong pakeng tsa mitochondrial le liphatsa tsa nyutlelie li bonahala li le teng, kaha lihlopha tsena tse peli li ka susumetsana ka litsela tse fapaneng [...].

Joalokaha bangoli bana ba bontša, matšoao a mafu a epigenetic (ke hore, a amang polelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso) a tšoana hantle le a lefu la mitochondrial. Methylation ke ntlha ea bohlokoa, 'me polelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e e khelosang e halefisitsoe ke phetoho e tloaelehileng ho DNA ea mitochondrial. Bangoli ba hlokomela hore ho tlosa DNA ea mitochondrial ka seleng ka bongata ho fetola methylation ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa sele, le hore litlatsetso tsena li ka khutlisoa ka karolo e ngoe ka ho e hlahisa hape. Ba tsoela pele ho supa hore lefutso la bohlokoa le amehang ho khutsiseng ka methylation, MECP2, e ho X chromosome, e kopitsoang ho basali ba mammalian, empa e teng ka kopi e le 'ngoe ho banna:

Liphetoho tsa lefutso lena li amahanngoa le lefu la Rett le lefu la PPM-X, mathata a mabeli a batlang a tšoana le seipone. Rett syndrome e bakoa ke liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa MECP2 tse nang le "chromosome" e futsitsoeng ka bo-ntate [...] 'me e ama basali ba ka bang feela, kaha ke barali feela ba tloaetseng ho fumana chromosome ena. Boloetse bona bo tla le matšoao a kang a autism [...]. Lefu la PPM-X le bakoa ke liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa MECP2 tse nang le "chromosome" e futsitsoeng ke bo-mme; hobane, ho bara, X chromosome ea bo-mme e sa sebetseng e ke ke ea lefelloa ke ntate, banna ba na le bothata bo felletseng, athe basali ba kanna ba se bontše matšoao kapa bokooa bo bonolo ba kelello feela [...]. Lefu la PPM-X le amahanngoa haholo le manic – depression psychosis [...]. Ho khahlisang ke hore lefu la ho pheta-pheta la MECP2 ho bashanyana, leo ka lona liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa MECP2 li se nang sekoli empa li kopitsoang, li tsamaeang le matšoao a autistic ho fapana le [...].

... joalo ka ha mohopolo o hatisitsoeng oa boko o ka lebella joalo ka ha tafole ea bangoli e ka tlase e bontša:

Bressan le Kramer ba eketsa hore lefu la Rett le na le litšobotsi tse ngata tse tšoanang le mathata a mitochondrial, ho tloha ho ho lieha ho hola le bofokoli ba mesifa ho ea ho ts'oaroa le mathata a pelo, le hore ho na le bopaki ba hore, ka kotloloho kapa ka kotloloho, MECP2 liphatsa tsa lefutso li ama polelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa nyutlelie tse laolang mesebetsi ea mitochondrial. Haele hantle,

... lisele tsa bakuli ba Rett-syndrome, joalo ka lisele tsa litoeba tse phetseng hantle tseo liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa MECP2 li ntšitsoeng ho tsona, li nang le mitochondria e sa sebetseng hantle, e sa sebetseng hantle e hlahisang matla a fokolang le li-radical tse ngata tsa mahala. Li-anti-inflammatory tsa lijo tse tlatsetsang tse fokotsang li-radical tse sa lefelloeng, joalo ka oli ea tlhapi, li ntlafatsa matšoao a Rett ho banana, e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho se sebetse ha mitochondrial ho tlatsetsa ho lefu ho fapana le ho ba phello e mpe ea lona [...]. Ho feta moo, bakuli ba bang, ba ipapisitseng le matšoao a boits'oaro ba bona, ba khetholloang e le bakuli ba khale ba Rett-syndrome ha ba na liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa MECP2 ho hang empa ba boloka liphetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso tsa DNA ea bona ea mitochondrial [...].

Ho joalo, joalo ka ha tafole e kaholimo le eona e bontša:

Ho se sebetse ha mitochondria le maemo a phahameng a radicals a boetse a hokahantsoe le Beckwith – Wiedemann [...], Angelman [...], le Prader – Willi [...] syndromes, hammoho le autism [...] le schizophrenia [...]. Ha e le hantle, li 'nile tsa hlokomeloa hoo e batlang e le maloetse' ohle a kelello [...], ho tloha khatello ea kelello e sa foleng [...] le mokhathala [...] ho isa ho lefu la Alzheimer's le Parkinson [...].

Joalokaha bangoli bana ba boetse ba fana ka maikutlo, lefu la mitochondrial le ka hlaha ka matšoao a kelello, mme liphetoho tsa DNA ea mitochondrial li fumanoa ho bakuli ba nang le mefuta eohle ea mathata a kelello le a kelello. Leha ho le joalo,

phetoho e le 'ngoe ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e fokotsang ketsahalo ea liphetoho tsa DNA ea mitochondrial e hlahisa menyetla ea hore bajari ba eona ba phela ho lekholo [...]. Mofuta ona kaofela oa liphatsa tsa lefutso o kanna oa etsoa ke ho fokotsoa ka sekhahla se nyane sekhahla sa ho dutla ha li-radicals tsa mahala, molemo o batlang o sa bonahale o ka nyolohang nakong eohle ea bophelo [...]. Khang e kholisang e entsoe kannete ea hore, ka ho fokotsa butle-butle ho tsoa ha mafu ohle a amanang le botsofali a ka chechisoa [...]. Hlokomela hore keketseho e poteletseng ea ketsahalo ea phetoho e atileng ka ho fetesisa ea methapo ea mafu ea mitochondrial ka har'a lisele e ka thibela liphetoho tse sa lebelloang pontsong ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa nyutlelie - ka boemo bo tlase ba phetoho bo iponahatsang e le lefu la tsoekere kapa la autism, le phahameng joalo ka lefu le holofatsang la multisystem [... ]. Boemo bo phahameng ba phetoho bo baka 'nete ea polelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e ts'oanang le ea mafu a Alzheimer's le Parkinson [...].

Qetellong, khopolo e hatisitsoeng ea boko e hlahisa maikutlo a phethelang a Bressan le Kramer a reng:

... mohopolo o tloaelehileng oa hore sesosa sa mathata le boko se lokela ho phenyekolloa bokong ha se na kelello ebile sea khelosa [...]. Ho bonahala ho le bonolo hore mathata a joalo a mangata a tsamaisoa ke liphoso tsa sistimi tseo boko ba tlhokomelo e phahameng bo leng bobebe haholo ho tsona-liphoso tse amanang le ho hlahisa le ho aba matla [...].