Pelo e Phetseng Hantle, Boko bo Phetseng Hantle

Ha re ntse re feta halofo ea selemo ea seoa sa COVID-19, bongata ba rona re ntse re iphumana re koalehile hae boholo ba letsatsi. Ka lebaka leo, re ka 'na ra lula fatše ho feta tloaelo. E kanna eaba re shebelletse thelevishene nako e telele, re sebetsa lik'homphieutheng tsa rona, kapa re etsa boithabiso bo kenyelletsang puisano ea video. Sena se ka re thusa ho lula sechabeng, empa se boetse se tlatsetsa bophelong ba ho lula fatše boo boholo ba rona re bo tloaetseng nakong ea seoa sena.

Ena ke ntlha ea bohlokoa eo u lokelang ho e totobatsa hobane ho boloka bophelo bo mafolofolo ha ho bohlokoa feela bakeng sa 'mele o phetseng hantle, empa hape ho ka thusa bophelo bo botle ba kutloisiso.

Ha re ithuta ka boko, sepheo sa mantlha se kenyelletsa lipuisano tse potileng li-neuron le matšoao a methapo ea pelo tse tlatsetsang likarolong tse fapaneng tsa ts'oaetso joalo ka mohopolo, tlhokomelo, ho etsa liqeto, jj. dikarolo tsa mmele. Leha ho le joalo, karolo e atisang ho hlokomolohuoa ea equation ena ke hore, joalo ka setho se seng le se seng 'meleng, phepelo ea mali ke e' ngoe ea lisosa tsa bohlokoahali tsa bophelo ba boko. Joalo ka litho tse ling, boko bo hloka oksijene hore e sebetse hantle. Ebile, leha boko bo etsa karolo e nyane ea 'mele ea rona ka boima ba' mele, e hloka hoo e ka bang karolo ea bohlano ea oksijene e romelloang 'meleng ea rona.

Khopolo ea morao-rao e fana ka maikutlo a hore liphetoho tse amanang le lilemo tšebetsong ea boko le ts'ebeliso ea kelello li ka fetoha ka boikoetliso. Ho latela Scaffolding Theory of Cognitive Aging (STAC; Goh & Park, 2009), boikoetliso bo ka thusa batho ba baholo ho kenya likarolo tsa boko ka litsela tse ncha, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea bona ea mosebetsi. Ho ikoetlisa ho kanna ha amahanngoa le neurogeneis, kapa tsoalo ea lisele tse ncha (Pereira et al., 2007), mme e amahanngoa le ho boloka lisele tsa boko libakeng tse kholo joalo ka hippocampus (Firth et al., 2018). Ena ke e 'ngoe ea libaka tsa bohlokoa tsa boko bakeng sa mohopolo. Phuputso ena e fana ka maikutlo a hore phokotso e tloaelehileng ea lilemo tse amanang le botsitso e kanna ea fokotsoa ka boikoetliso, e ka natefisang tsebo. Ho joalo, boikoetliso bo ka thusa ho boloka methapo ea rona ea 'mele e phetse hantle, ho netefatsa hore ha pelo ea rona e otla, mali a nang le oksijene a khona ho fepa boko ba rona.

Ntle le ho ama bokhoni ba kutloisiso ka kotloloho, boikoetliso bo ka ba molemo o sa tobang molemong oa ts'ebeliso ea maikutlo ka ho ama likarolo tse ling tsa bophelo ba rona. Joalokaha re bontšitse posong ea rona ea ho qetela, boroko bo bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa bokhoni ba rona ba ho tseba, 'me boikoetliso bo tsebahala ho ntlafatsa boleng ba boroko (Kelley & Kelley, 2017). Ka lebaka leo, boikoetliso bo ka re thusa ho fihlela melemo e meng ea kutlo ea boroko ka ho etsa hore 'mele ea rona e khathale ho lekana hore e robale hantle. Hape, boikoetliso bo tsejoa bo fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho (Mikkelsen et al., 2017), e ka thusang ka mokhoa o sa tobang ho tsebahala.

Mothating ona, bongata ba rona re kanna ra nahana, "Ha ke phele bophelo bo mafolofolo" kapa, "E ka ba e se e le morao haholo ho nna." Ka lehlohonolo, tlhahlobo ea morao-rao ea litlhahlobo e fana ka maikutlo a hore ha ho mohla e leng morao haholo ho etsa mokhoa oa ho ikoetlisa. Ho ikoetlisa ho kenya letsoho molemong oa ts'ebetso ea phethahatso le mohopolo ho batho ba baholo ba phetseng hantle (Sanders et al., 2019). Esita le batho ba baholo ba fumanoeng ba e-na le bothata ba ho nahanisisa maikutlo ba bontša ntlafatso ho bokhoni ba bona ba ho tseba lintho kamora ho ikoetlisa ka nako e fetang likhoeli tse 'maloa. Kahoo haeba u se u ntse u ikoetlisa, ho bohloko, 'me bokamoso ba hau bo tla una molemo; empa haeba o ntse o sa phele bophelo bo mahlahahlaha, o ka qala kajeno mme o kotule melemo ea ho ea pele. Ntho ea bohlokoa ke hore u thehe mokhoa oa ho ikoetlisa oo u ka o bolokang ha nako e ntse e tsamaea.

Ho ea ka litataiso tsa hajoale tse tsoang Setsing sa Taolo le Thibelo ea Mafu (CDC), batho ba baholo ba lokela ho leka ho etsa bonyane metsotso e 150 ea boikoetliso bo itekanetseng le bonyane likarolo tse peli tsa ts'ebetso e matlafatsang mesifa beke e ngoe le e ngoe. Le ha metsotso e 150 ka beke e ka utloahala e le palo e tšosang, ha e aroloa ka likaroloana tse nyane, sepheo sena se ka bonahala se atameleha habonolo.

Mohlala, haeba re kenella mesebetsing ea ho ikoetlisa ka metsotso e 30 ka letsatsi, re tla khona ho fihlela sepheo sa CDC kamora matsatsi a mahlano. Sena se re fa matsatsi a mabeli a phomolo bekeng e fanoeng. Kapa, ​​haeba ho khethoa, re ka etsa ts'ebetso ea ho ikoetlisa metsotso e 50 ka letsatsi ho fihlela sepheo sa CDC kamora matsatsi a 3. Sena se ka re siea le matsatsi a mane ho phomola, kapa ho nka boikoetliso ba ho matlafatsa mesifa.

Ehlile, ho boetse ho na le litšitiso tse ling tse ka nahannoang ha u leka ho fihlela sepheo sena. Taba ea mantlha, ke mofuta ofe oa ho ikoetlisa o nkoang o "itekanetse"? Ha re ntse re tsofala, ba bangata ba rona re ka ba le mahlaba kapa ra se tsamaee hofeta lilemong tsa bocha ba rona. Sena se ka etsa hore motsamao o pharaletseng o be thata. Ka lehlohonolo, ho ea ka CDC, ho ikoetlisa ka tsela e itekanetseng ho kenyelletsa ntho efe kapa efe moo, “u tla khona ho bua, empa u sa bine mantsoe a pina eo u e ratang.” Sena se ka kenyelletsa ho tsamaea ka potlako, ho kuta mohloa, le ho rona ba nang le mathata a letheka kapa mangole, ho palama baesekele e ka ba mokhoa o mong o motle. Mekhoa e meng bakeng sa rona ba nang le bohloko ba mokokotlo, letheka kapa lengole, e kenyelletsa lihlopha tsa ho ikoetlisa ka metsi, kapa likhefa tsa ho sesa ka letamong.

Re fihlella lipheo tsa boikoetliso joang nakong ea seoa? Bongata ba rona re tloaetse ho ikoetlisa kapa ho tsamaea bolelele ba libaka tse kholo tsa ka tlung joalo ka mabenkele kapa mebaraka. Ho sotha hoa mmele ho entse hore sena se be thata le ho feta, hobane libaka tse ling tse kholo tsa ka tlung li koetsoe kapa ho na le batho ba bangata haholo hore ba atlehe hole.

Ona ke monyetla o motle oa ho tsoa kantle! Ha likarolo tse ngata tsa naha li qala ho khutlela mosebetsing, mesebetsi ea kantle ea hoseng e ka ba tsela e molemohali ea ho ikoetlisa ha re ntse re atleha 'meleng. Liphaka le litsela tsa sechaba ke libaka tse ntle tsa ho etsa mesebetsi ena. Ha mariha a atamela, ho ka hlokahala hore re khutlisetse tse ling tsa mesebetsi ea rona kahare. Le ha e ka ba ntho e tenang, ho robala ka kamoreng ea ho phomola, kapa ho nyoloha le ho theosa litepisi tsa ntlo ea rona kapa foleteng, ho ntse ho ka re fa molemo o tšoanang oa ho fofa ntle le ho tsamaea ka ntle kapa sebakeng se seholo. Bohlokoa mona ke ho boloka matla le bolelele ba nako, leha o le kahare.

Re kanna ra hloka ho iqapela lintho, empa le nakong ea seoa, ho ntse ho ka khoneha ho ikoetlisa le ho theha mekhoa e metle. Ka ho etsa joalo, ka nako e khuts'oane, re ka ntlafatsa boroko ba rona le ho boloka maikutlo a rona. Ha nako e ntse e ea, re ka boloka ts'oaetso ea rona le bophelo bo botle ba boko ha re ntse re tsofala.

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Kelley, G. A., & Kelley, K. S. (2017). Ho ikoetlisa le ho robala: tlhahlobo e hlophisehileng ea litlhahlobo tse fetileng tsa meta. Tlaleho ea Bongaka bo Thehiloeng Bopaki, 10 (1), 26-36. https://doi.org/10.1111/jebm.12236

Mikkelsen, K., Stojanovska, L., Polenakovic, M., Bosevski, M., & Apostolopoulos, V. (2017). Ho ikoetlisa le bophelo bo botle ba kelello. Maturitas, 106, 48-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.09.003

Pereira, C., Huddleston, D. E., Brickman, A. M., Sosunov, A. A., Hen, R., McKhann, G. M., ... & Nyane, S. A. (2007). An in vivo correlate of neurogenesis e bakoang ke boikoetliso ho motho e moholo oa dentate gyrus. Ts'ebetso ea Sekolo sa Naha sa Saense, 104 (13), 5638-5643.

Sanders, L. M., Hortobágyi, T., la Bastide-van Gemert, S., van der Zee, E. A., & van Heuvelen, M. J. (2019). Kamano ea karabelo ea likhalo lipakeng tsa boikoetliso le ts'ebetso ea kelello ho batho ba baholo ba nang le ts'oaetso ea kelello ntle le ts'oaetso: tlhahlobo e hlophisehileng le tlhahlobo ea litlhahlobo. PloS e le 'ngoe, 14 (1), e0210036.