Ho senyeha ha mathata mathateng a ho ja: Na ke 'nete kapa ha ho na thuso?

Litaba

• Mathata a amanang le ho ja a bohlokoa
• Hobaneng ha mathata a ho ja a atile ka COVID-19

Comorbidity ke sehlooho se rarahaneng, mohopolo le bongaka. Tlhaloso ea comorbidity ho tloha ntlheng ea mohopolo e bua ka boemo boo "mokhatlo o ikhethileng oa bongaka o hlahang nakong ea lefu" - mohlala ha mokuli ea nang le lefu la tsoekere a hlaha ke lefu la Parkinson. Maemong ana, ho na le likarolo tse peli tse fapaneng tsa kliniki mme mohopolo oa bophelo bohle oa sebelisoa.

Tlhaloso ea comorbidity ho latela pono ea bongaka e supa boemo ba "mekhatlo e 'meli kapa ho feta ea bongaka e lulang". Maemong ana, ho ata ha comorbidity ho latela tlhaloso ea mathata (ke hore, sistimi ea tlhophiso le melao ea eona ea tlhahlobo).

Lefapheng la bophelo bo botle ba kelello, moo ho seng li-biomarker tse khethehileng tse fumanoeng ho fihlela joale, hoa belaetsa hore na mathata a mabeli a kelello ke "likarolo" tse fapaneng tsa bongaka, kapa ke feela litlamorao tsa karohano ea mathata a kelello ao, a ipapisitseng le matšoao a hlahisitsoeng, a khothatsang. ts'ebeliso ea litlhahlobo tse ngata tsa kelello ho mokuli a le mong.

Mathata a amanang le tlhaloso ea comorbidity a ka ba le litlamorao tse bohlokoa tsa kliniki tse amang kalafo. Mohlala, litšoaneleho tsa khatello ea maikutlo li atile ho bakuli ba nang le mathata a ho ja empa e kanna ea ba bopaki ba ho ba le khatello ea maikutlo ea kliniki ('comorbidity ea' nete) kapa litlamorao tse tobileng tsa boima ba 'mele bo tlase ho anorexia nervosa kapa ho itlopa joala ho bulimia nervosa (' bohata comorbidity ') (bona Setšoantšo sa 1). Boemong ba pele, khatello ea maikutlo e lokela ho phekoloa ka kotloloho, athe maemong a bobeli kalafo ea lefu la ho ja e lokela ho lebisa ho ts'oarelong linthong tse sithabetsang.

Ho senyeha ha mathata a ho ja

Tlhahlobo e phetoang ea lithuto tsa Europe e fihletse qeto ea hore batho ba fetang 70% ba nang le mathata a ho ja ba fumana ts'oaetso ea mafu a kelello. Mathata a teng khafetsa a teng a kelello ke mathata a ho tšoenyeha (> 50%), mathata a maikutlo (> 40%), ho intša kotsi (> 20%), le mathata a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi (> 10%).

Ho lokela ho hatisoa hore lintlha tse tsoang liphuputsong tse entsoeng li hlahisa phapang e pharalletseng ka sekhahla sa pherekano ea mafu a kelello mathateng a ho ja; mohlala, ho ata ha nalane ea bophelo ba lefu la khatello ea maikutlo ho tlalehiloe ka palo e ka tlase ho 25% ho isa ho 75% ea linyeoe. Mokoloko ona ka mokhoa o ke keng oa qojoa o hlahisa lipelaelo tse kholo mabapi le ho ts'epahala ha lipono tsena. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, lithuto tse lekotseng ho ata ha mathata a botho a teng le mathata a ho ja li tlalehile phapang e kholo le ho feta, ho tloha ho 27% ho isa ho 93%!

Mathata a mokhoa

Liphuputso tse lekotseng comorbidity mathateng a ho ja li na le mathata a tebileng a mokhoa. Mohlala, ha ho a lula ho etsoa phapang hore na "comorbid" disorder e hlahile pele kapa kamora bothata ba ho ja; disampole tse hlahlojoang hangata li nyane mme / kapa li kenyelletsa likarolo tsa tlhahlobo ea mathata a ho ja ka mekhahlelo e fapaneng; palo e kholo le e sa tšoaneng ea lipuisano tsa ho hlahloba le liteko tse ikemetseng li sebelisitsoe ho hlahloba ho kula. Leha ho le joalo, bothata ba mantlha ke hore lithuto tse ngata ha lia ka tsa lekola hore na likarolo tsa comorbidity li ne li le kamora boima ba 'mele bo tlase kapa pherekano lijong.

Comorbidity kapa linyeoe tse rarahaneng?

Khopolo ea hore ho na le karoloana feela ea "linyeoe tse rarahaneng" e ke ke ea sebelisoa ho mathata a ho ja Ka sebele, hoo e ka bang bakuli bohle ba nang le mathata a ho ja ba ka nkuoa e le linyeoe tse rarahaneng. Boholo, joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe kaholimo, ba fihlela litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo ea lefu le le leng kapa a mang a kelello. Mathata a 'mele a tloaelehile,' me bakuli ba bang ba na le mafu a kopaneng a bongaka. Mathata a ho sebelisana le batho ke ntho e tloaelehileng, 'me nako e sa foleng ea bothata bona e ka ba le tšusumetso e mpe ho nts'etsopele le tšebetsong ea motho. Tsena tsohle li bontša hore ho bakuli ba nang le mathata a ho ja, ho rarahana ke molao ho fapana le ho ba mokhelo.

Karohano ea maiketsetso ea maemo a rarahaneng a kliniki likarolong tse nyane tsa tlhahlobo ea mafu a kelello e ka ba le litlamorao tse mpe tsa ho thibela mokhoa o akaretsang oa kalafo le ho khothaletsa ts'ebeliso e sa lokang ea litlhare kapa mehato ea ho alafa likarolo tse le 'ngoe tsa sets'oants'o se pharalletseng le se rarahaneng haholoanyane. Ho feta moo, tlhahlobo e sa nepahalang le taolo ea mafu a kopaneng li ka ba le phello e makatsang ea ho fokotsa kalafo ho tsoa linthong tsa bohlokoa tse bolokang lefu la kelello la ho ja le ho fa bakuli kalafo e sa hlokahaleng le e ka bang kotsi.

Mokhoa oa pragmatic oa linyeoe tse rarahaneng

Thutong ea ka ea bongaka, ke sebelisa mokhoa oa ho rarolla mathata a kelello a amanang le mathata a ho ja. Ke ananela mme qetellong ke rarolle bothata ha feela bo le bohlokoa ebile bo na le litlamorao tsa bongaka. Ho fihlela sena, bukana ea ntlafatso ea boits'oaro ba boits'oaro (CBT-E) bakeng sa mathata a ho ja e arola li-comorbidities ka lihlopha tse tharo:

Mathata a amanang le ho ja a bohlokoa

Hobaneng ha mathata a ho ja a atile ka COVID-19